2018
DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgy019
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Another Digital Divide: The Rise of Data Realms and its Implications for the WTO

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Cited by 97 publications
(42 citation statements)
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“…The McKinsey Global Institute has estimated that around 50 per cent of the world's traded services are now in digital form while electronic commerce accounts for approximately 12 per cent of all goods traded across borders (Manyika et al 2016). Trade policy has been slow to recognize how the regulation of cross-border data flows can have an impact on trade in both physical and digital goods and services (Aaronson and Leblond 2018). Although trade agreements negotiated in the last decade have provisions on electronic commerce, these provisions tend to be very limited in nature, mostly prohibiting tariffs on electronic transmissions (Aaronson and Leblond 2018).…”
Section: Trade In the Twenty-first Centurymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The McKinsey Global Institute has estimated that around 50 per cent of the world's traded services are now in digital form while electronic commerce accounts for approximately 12 per cent of all goods traded across borders (Manyika et al 2016). Trade policy has been slow to recognize how the regulation of cross-border data flows can have an impact on trade in both physical and digital goods and services (Aaronson and Leblond 2018). Although trade agreements negotiated in the last decade have provisions on electronic commerce, these provisions tend to be very limited in nature, mostly prohibiting tariffs on electronic transmissions (Aaronson and Leblond 2018).…”
Section: Trade In the Twenty-first Centurymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Trade policy has been slow to recognize how the regulation of cross-border data flows can have an impact on trade in both physical and digital goods and services (Aaronson and Leblond 2018). Although trade agreements negotiated in the last decade have provisions on electronic commerce, these provisions tend to be very limited in nature, mostly prohibiting tariffs on electronic transmissions (Aaronson and Leblond 2018). 1 In addition to tariffs generally becoming low as a result of successive GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) negotiation rounds, the three above-mentioned structural changes to the nature of international trade have pushed trade policy to focus increasingly on reducing regulatory barriers to trade and investment.…”
Section: Trade In the Twenty-first Centurymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent survey estimated that the value of the global data market reached $26 billion in 2019 with an annual growth rate of more than 20%. 1 However, consumers may suffer from the collection and usage of their data by firms, possibly from loss of privacy, unwanted advertising, higher prices due to price discrimination, and security fraud. It was estimated that displayed advertising alone accounted for 18%-79% of data costs for mobile plan users in the United States in 2016.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The economics and legal literature, discussed below, has investigated the various ways in which firms may utilize consumer data, their incentives and ability to protect data, and data protection regulation. However, there has been little formal analysis of the usage and protection of data when firms sell products in multiple 1 https://www.onaudience.com/files/OnAudience.com_Global_Data_Market_Size_2017-2019.pdf.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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