Antarctic <scp>B</scp>ottom <scp>W</scp>ater temperature changes in the western <scp>S</scp>outh <scp>A</scp>tlantic from 1989 to 2014

Johnson, Gregory C.; McTaggart, K. E.; Wanninkhof, Rik

doi:10.1002/2014jc010367

Cited by 31 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The abyssal waters are also contracting in volume and freshening Johnson, 2012, 2013;Shimada et al, 2012;Jullion et al, 2013;van Wijk and Rintoul, 2014). The observed bottom water changes reflect the responses of bottom water source regions to changes in surface climate, to ocean-ice shelf interaction, and to downstream propagation of the signals by wave and advective processes (Jacobs and Giulivi, 2010;Masuda et al, 2010;Johnson et al, 2014;van Wijk and Rintoul, 2014).…”

Section: Observed Temperature Trendsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Southern Ocean Warming

Sallée¹,

Cnrs²

2018

Oceanog

106

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Section: Observed Temperature Trendsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Southern Ocean Warming

Sallée¹,

Cnrs²

2018

Oceanog

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Observations suggest a warming trend within the bottom water of the Argentine basin and Brazil basins (Coles et al 1996;Johnson and Doney 2006;Johnson et al 2014); however, there is evidence of cooling and freshening on AABW density surfaces having occurred during the 1980s in the Argentine region (Coles et al 1996). Further, while a warming trend is evident from 1989 or 1995 to 2014 in the Argentine basin, no significant warming is observed from 2005 to 2014 (Johnson et al 2014).…”

Section: B Shelf and Deep Ocean Responsementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Further, while a warming trend is evident from 1989 or 1995 to 2014 in the Argentine basin, no significant warming is observed from 2005 to 2014 (Johnson et al 2014). The recent reduced warming of the Argentine basin has been proposed as a response to reduced inflow of AABW to the region (Johnson et al 2014).…”

Section: B Shelf and Deep Ocean Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It forms the lower limb of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and plays an important role in transporting carbon, heat, and freshwater sequestered from the atmosphere to the deep ocean (Johnson 2008;Kuhlbrodt et al 2007;Ríos et al 2012;Purkey and Johnson 2013). AABW source water is formed initially through surface buoyancy losses via cooling and brine rejection during winter sea ice formation where a reservoir of cold dense water may be established on the Antarctic continental shelf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Antarctic Bottom Water to Changes in Surface Buoyancy Fluxes

et al. 2015

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The influence of freshwater and heat flux changes on Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) properties are investigated within a realistic bathymetry coupled ocean-ice sector model of the Atlantic Ocean. The model simulations are conducted at eddy-permitting resolution where dense shelf water production dominates over open ocean convection in forming AABW. Freshwater and heat flux perturbations are applied independently and have contradictory surface responses, with increased upper-ocean temperature and reduced ice formation under heating and the opposite under increased freshwater fluxes. AABW transport into the abyssal ocean reduces under both flux changes, with the reduction in transport being proportional to the net buoyancy flux anomaly south of 608S.Through inclusion of shelf-sourced AABW, a process absent from most current generation climate models, cooling and freshening of dense source water is facilitated via reduced on-shelf/off-shelf exchange flow. Such cooling is propagated to the abyssal ocean, while compensating warming in the deep ocean under heating introduces a decadal-scale variability of the abyssal water masses. This study emphasizes the fundamental role buoyancy plays in controlling AABW, as well as the importance of the inclusion of shelf-sourced AABW within climate models in order to attain the complete spectrum of possible climate change responses.

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“…Using repeat hydrographic section data taken between 1981, Purkey and Johnson [2010 [ Desbruyères et al, 2014] and AABW [Johnson et al, 2014], implying regional and possibly global decadal variations of the global deep ocean warming pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep and abyssal ocean warming from 35 years of repeat hydrography

Desbruyères

Purkey

McDonagh

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

136

118

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Global and regional ocean warming deeper than 2000 m is investigated using 35 years of sustained repeat hydrographic survey data starting in 1981. The global long‐term temperature trend below 2000 m, representing the time period 1991–2010, is equivalent to a mean heat flux of 0.065 ± 0.040 W m−2 applied over the Earth's surface area. The strongest warming rates are found in the abyssal layer (4000–6000 m), which contributes to one third of the total heat uptake with the largest contribution from the Southern and Pacific Oceans. A similar regional pattern is found in the deep layer (2000–4000 m), which explains the remaining two thirds of the total heat uptake yet with larger uncertainties. The global average warming rate did not change within uncertainties pre‐2000 versus post‐2000, whereas ocean average warming rates decreased in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and increased in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans.

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Antarctic Bottom Water temperature changes in the western South Atlantic from 1989 to 2014

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Southern Ocean Warming

Southern Ocean Warming

Sensitivity of Antarctic Bottom Water to Changes in Surface Buoyancy Fluxes

Deep and abyssal ocean warming from 35 years of repeat hydrography

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