Antenatal hemorrhage of a cervical lymphatic malformation presenting as a draining neck mass: An unusual presentation

Haricharan, Ramanath N.; Nawaz, Muhammad Asif; Bettolli, Marcos; Ferretti, Emanuela

doi:10.3233/npm-1474713

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Calcifications seen in one of the type IV lesions confused for teratoma corresponded to dystrophic calcifications within organizing thrombus on surgical pathology, suggesting that prenatal hemorrhage within the lymphatic malformation may have resulted in the atypical prenatal appearance. A case report by Haricharan et al further supports fibrosis and/or prenatal hemorrhage as accounting for the atypical solid appearance of some lymphatic malformations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fetal Lymphatic Malformations: More Variable Than We Think?

et al. 2017

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Lymphatic malformations are benign lesions that result from abnormal development of the lymphatic and venous systems. These lesions may be detected during routine prenatal ultrasound screening, and typically demonstrate imaging findings of a multiseptate cystic lesion lacking solid components, vascularity, and calcifications. We report 73 cases of prenatally detected lymphatic malformations and describe greater variability in their prenatal sonographic appearance than previously reported, including purely cystic lesions and mixed cystic and solid lesions with calcifications. Appreciation of this increased variability is important in providing accurate prenatal diagnosis, counseling, and management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fetal Lymphatic Malformations: More Variable Than We Think?

et al. 2017

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Update June 2014

BleiFrancine¹

2014

Lymphatic Research and Biology

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Update March 2015

Blei

2015

Lymphatic Research and Biology

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Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) may provide a suitable number of progenitors for the treatment of lymphatic edema; however, to date the protocols for inducing hADSCs into this tissue type have not been standardized. We wished to investigate the induction of hADSCs into lymphatic endothelial-like cells using vascular endothelial growth factor-C156S (VEGF-C156S) and other growth factors in vitro. hADSCs from healthy adult adipose tissue were purified using enzyme digestion. Differentiation was induced using medium containing VEGF-C156S and bovine fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Differentiation was confirmed using immunostaining for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1) and fms-related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT-4), two lymphatic endothelial cell markers. The expression levels of LYVE-1, prospero homeobox 1 (PROX-1), and FLT-4 throughout induction were assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. hADSCs were successfully obtained by trypsin digest and purification. Flow cytometry showed these cells were similar to mesenchymal stem cells, with a high positive rate of CD13, CD29, CD44, and CD105, and a low positive rate of CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. Induction to lymphatic endothelial-like cells was successful, with cells expressing high levels of LYVE-1, PROX-1, and FLT-4. Adipose-derived stem cells can be induced to differentiate into lymphatic endotheliallike cells using a medium containing VEGF-C156S, bFGF, and other growth factors. This population of lymphatic endothelial-like cells may be useful for lymphatic reconstruction in the future. Commentary As an alternative to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), Yang et al aimed to induce differentiation of Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) into a lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. By incubating them with growth factors (e.g. bovine FGF and VEGF-C156S). It has been shown previously that adipose-derived stem cells can differentiate into many cell types. They share many qualities of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and are readily available by harvesting adult fat tissue. These authors refined the technique of inducing the transformation to the lymphatic phenotype by using a mutant form of VEGF-C, VEGF-C156s, binding selectively to VEGFR3, modulating lymphangiogenesis. They demonstrated 1) a high yield of hADSCs extractable from adult adipose tissue, 2) qualitative similarities between bonemarrow derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells, 3) the pluripotency of these cells, differentiating into adipocytes or osteocytes (and others have shown differentiation into cartilage, muscle and endothelial cells). 4) the selective induction into lymphatic endothelial phenotype by incubation with VEGF-C156s. The authors acknowledge that they only used 3 markers to demonstrate the lymphatic phenotype (LYVE-1, PROX-1 and FLT-4) and that they did not explore the role of lymphatic specific cytokines (inducers and inhibitors). Although these findings must be further developed, the...

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Antenatal hemorrhage of a cervical lymphatic malformation presenting as a draining neck mass: An unusual presentation

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Fetal Lymphatic Malformations: More Variable Than We Think?

Fetal Lymphatic Malformations: More Variable Than We Think?

Update June 2014

Update March 2015

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