Antenna-in-Package Design and Robust Test for the Link Between Wireless Ingestible Capsule and Smart Phone

Abstract

An antenna-in-package is proposed for a wireless ingestible capsule operated at ISM (2.4-2.48 GHz) band and also experimentally tested in a system level. The proposed antenna is designed for data transmission between the ingestible capsule and a smart phone using Bluetooth. A modified planar inverted-F structure is proposed for the antenna design, whose end section is bent to be vertical with respect to the substrate, mainly for the considerations of frequency tuning, size reduction, and polarization diversity. First, a one-layer cube muscle phantom model is used for initial design and optimization. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method, with considerations of the polarization mismatch loss, is proposed to analyze the radiation performance using a CST human body model. The evaluated results indicate that the proposed design can ensure enough margins for the link budget despite the relative position between the capsule and the smart phone. In addition to the advantages stated above, the proposed antenna is not sensitive to different digestive organs. Reflection measurement is presented using a muscle-mimicking phantom. Radiation characteristics are presented using a simple human torso model filled with pork by measuring the received power in a system. Successful data transmission, between a transmitter using the proposed antenna and a receiver using a smart phone, is performed in a temperature monitoring system. INDEX TERMS Antenna-in-package, ingestible capsule, frequency tuning, polarization diversity.

Miniaturized Capsule System Toward Real‐Time Electrochemical Detection of H2S in the Gastrointestinal Tract

“…A 100 mm thick layer of ground beef was utilized as a worst-case approximation to account for potential variations in dielectric constant between ground meat (𝜖' = 45-55) and abdominal muscle. [79,80] This is because most signal attenuation occurs through abdominal muscle, which has an average thickness of only 5-10 mm. [81,82] Previous studies have utilized similar tissue attenuation test methods or liquid phantoms as tissue analogues to benchmark Bluetooth signal propagation for medical use.…”

Thermally Degradable Split-Ring Resonator Made on a Gelatin Substrate with Enhanced Dielectric and Conductive Properties

“…However, some of these systems have short communication distances or require the user to wear a receiver pad. Here, radio waves can be used to communicate over long distances, and various types of antennas are being investigated, e.g., meander, , microstrip, spiral, FED, inverted-F, fractal, helical, and multi-layered coil . To work in harmony with the surroundings, multiple functionalities such as flexibility, − stretchability, and disassembly ,, have been integrated into antennas.…”

“…Ingestible electronics − is an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic technology that monitors the physicochemical state of organs, bacteria, and cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with the oral cavity as an entrance. Many of the devices use radio frequency identification (RFID) with integrated circuits (ICs) operating at 420–450 MHz, 433 MHz, − 500 MHz, , 800 MHz, 902–928 MHz, and 1.4 GHz. , There are also antenna designs considering 2.4 GHz for capsule endoscopy, ,− although attenuation in the body must be considered. , Most of the electronic components, including the IC chips, are excreted after use, although they may require surgical removal in very rare instances . A safer solution is edible electronics made from edible materials that can be digested or excreted after performing their function.…”

Receiving Uwb Antenna for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Communications

“…Admittedly, the frequency range is of high priority to be considered even before starting the antennas design. Regarding this issue, a set of frequency bands have been used up to date, i.e., 433 MHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band [17], 38.5 & 57.6 MHz dual-band [18], 0.902-0.928 GHz ISM band & 1,395-1,4 GHz WMTS (Wireless Medical Telemetry Service) bands [19], 2.4 GHz ISM band [20], MedRadio [21], etc. Nonetheless, the suitable frequency band for this specific medical application is the mandatory channel of the low UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) band, defined as 3.75-4.25 GHz pursuant to IEEE 802.15.6 standard [22,23].…”