A wideband antenna is designed based onQfactor in this paper. Firstly, the volume-surface integral equations (VSIEs) and self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm (DEA) are introduced as the basic theories to optimize antennas. Secondly, we study the computation ofQof arbitrary shaped structures, aiming at designing an antenna with maximum bandwidth by minimizing theQof the antenna. This method is much more efficient for onlyQvalues at specific frequency points that are computed, which avoids optimizing bandwidth directly. Thirdly, an integrated method combining the above method with VSIEs and self-adaptive DEA is employed to optimize the wideband antenna, extending its bandwidth from 11.5~16.5 GHz to 7~20 GHz. Lastly, the optimized antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are consistent with the simulated results, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.