Antennal Electrophysiological Responses of Three Parasitic Wasps to Caterpillar-Induced Volatiles from Maize (Zea mays mays), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Gouinguené, Sandrine; Pickett, John A.; Wadhams, L. J.; Birkett, Michael A.; Turlings, Ted C. J.

doi:10.1007/s10886-005-4245-1

Cited by 102 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…7, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). These insect-inducible plant volatiles have established roles in the positive associative learning and attraction of natural enemies (22,23). Inceptin and OS also increased cinnamic acid levels, a product of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and precursor to phenylpropanoid defenses induced by biotic attack (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack

Schmelz

Carroll

LeClere

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

370

265

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Plants can perceive a wide range of biotic attackers and respond with targeted induced defenses. Specificity in plant non-selfrecognition occurs either directly by perception of pest-derived elicitors or indirectly through resistance protein recognition of host targets that are inappropriately proteolyzed. Indirect plant perception can occur during interactions with pathogens, yet evidence for analogous events mediating the detection of insect herbivores remains elusive. Here we report indirect perception of herbivory in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants attacked by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae. We isolated and identified a disulfide-bridged peptide ( ؉ ICDINGVCVDA ؊ ), termed inceptin, from S. frugiperda larval oral secretions that promotes cowpea ethylene production at 1 fmol leaf ؊1 and triggers increases in the defenserelated phytohormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Inceptins are proteolytic fragments of chloroplastic ATP synthase ␥-subunit regulatory regions that mediate plant perception of herbivory through the induction of volatile, phenylpropanoid, and protease inhibitor defenses. Only S. frugiperda larvae that previously ingested chloroplastic ATP synthase ␥-subunit proteins and produced inceptins significantly induced cowpea defenses after herbivory. Digestive fragments of an ancient and essential plant enzyme, inceptin functions as a potent indirect signal initiating specific plant responses to insect attack.elicitor ͉ guard hypothesis ͉ indirect perception ͉ insect herbivory ͉ plant defense A mechanistic understanding and targeted improvement of plant resistance traits are recognized as essential in combating yield losses from crop pests. Plants can perceive and defensively respond to attack either directly by impeding pest growth or indirectly by promoting advantageous interactions with beneficial organisms (1-7). Great progress has been made in the identification of plant receptor-like kinase families mediating perception of biotic attack and the subsequent activation of signal transduction cascades spanning interactions of GTP binding proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phytohormones, transcription factors, and ultimately induced biochemical defenses (2,8). Despite these advances, relatively few candidate elicitors and ligands responsible for the initiation and specificity of induced plant defenses to pest attack have been identified (1, 2). This void is especially acute in the case of insect herbivore perception and is surprising given both the significance of plant-insect interactions in arthropod and angiosperm evolution and the role of insects in facilitating plant pathogen entry (9, 10).Induced plant defenses are initiated in part by the direct perception of elicitors derived from offending organisms. For example, maize (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) perceive insect attack through the direct detection of fatty acid amino acid conjugate (FAC) elicitors present in insect oral secretions (OS). Plants respond with indirect defenses in the form of indu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack

Schmelz

Carroll

LeClere

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

370

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Electroantennogram studies have shown that some minor compounds elicit strong antennal responses in these parasitoids (Gouinguené et al, 2005), and current attempts to isolate and identify key attractants for C. marginiventris indicate an important role for minor compounds (M. D'Alessandro and T.C.J. Turlings, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fresh versus Old Leaf Damage in the Attraction of Parasitic Wasps to Herbivore-Induced Maize Volatiles

Hoballah

Turlings

2005

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract-The odor produced by a plant under herbivore attack is often used by parasitic wasps to locate hosts. Any type of surface damage commonly causes plant leaves to release so-called green leaf volatiles, whereas blends of inducible compounds are more specific for herbivore attack and can vary considerably among plant genotypes. We compared the responses of naïve and experienced parasitoids of the species Cotesia marginiventris and Microplitis rufiventris to volatiles from maize leaves with fresh damage (mainly green leaf volatiles) vs. old damage (mainly terpenoids) in a six-arm olfactometer. These braconid wasps are both solitary endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, but differ in geographical origin and host range. In choice experiments with odor blends from maize plants with fresh damage vs. blends from plants with old damage, inexperienced C. marginiventris showed a preference for the volatiles from freshly damaged leaves. No such preference was observed for inexperienced M. rufiventris. After an oviposition experience in hosts feeding on maize plants, C. marginiventris females were more attracted by a mixture of volatiles from fresh and old damage. Apparently, C. marginiventris has an innate preference for the odor of freshly damaged leaves, and this preference shifts in favor of a blend containing a mixture of green leaf volatiles plus terpenoids, after experiencing the latter blend in association with hosts. M. rufiventris responded poorly after experience and preferred fresh damage odors. Possibly, after associative learning, this species uses cues that are more directly related with the host presence, such as volatiles from host feces, which were not present in the odor sources offered in the olfactometer. The results demonstrate the complexity of the use of plant * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ted.

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“…1. B) Comparison of the polar fraction to the entire silica extract in methanol below the detection level of the GC analyses (Gouinguené et al 2005). These observations strongly suggest that minor, yet unknown compounds, play a crucial role in the attraction of C. marginiventris to Spodoptera-induced maize volatiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Attraction of the Parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris Towards Minor Volatile Compounds of Maize

et al. 2009

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Plants infested with herbivorous arthropods emit complex blends of volatile compounds, which are used by several natural enemies as foraging cues. Despite detailed knowledge on the composition and amount of the emitted volatiles in many plant-herbivore systems, it remains largely unknown which compounds are essential for the attraction of natural enemies. In this study, we used a combination of different fractionation methods and olfactometer bioassays in order to examine the attractiveness of different compositions of volatile blends to females of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. In a first step, we passed a volatile blend emitted by Spodoptera littoralis infested maize seedlings over a silica-containing filter tube and subsequently desorbed the volatiles that were retained by the silica filter (silica extract). The volatiles that broke through the silica filter were collected on and subsequently desorbed from a SuperQ filter (breakthrough). The silica extract was highly attractive to the wasps, whereas the breakthrough volatiles were not attractive. The silica extract was even more attractive than the extract that contained all herbivore-induced maize volatiles. Subsequently, we fractioned the silica extract by preparative gas-chromatography (GC) and by separating more polar from less polar compounds. In general, C. marginiventris preferred polar over non-polar compounds, but several fractions were attractive to the wasp, including one that contained compounds emitted in quantities below the detection threshold of the GC analysis. These results imply that the attractiveness of the volatile blend emitted by Spodopterainfested maize seedlings to C. marginiventris females is determined by a specific combination of attractive and repellent/masking compounds, including some that are emitted in very small amounts. Manipulating the emission of such minor compounds has the potential to greatly improve the attraction of certain parasitoids and enhance biological control of specific insect pests.

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Antennal Electrophysiological Responses of Three Parasitic Wasps to Caterpillar-Induced Volatiles from Maize (Zea mays mays), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Cited by 102 publications

References 35 publications

Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack

Fragments of ATP synthase mediate plant perception of insect attack

The Role of Fresh versus Old Leaf Damage in the Attraction of Parasitic Wasps to Herbivore-Induced Maize Volatiles

Strong Attraction of the Parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris Towards Minor Volatile Compounds of Maize

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