Anterior cingulate cortex surface area relates to behavioral inhibition in adolescents with and without heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

Migliorini, Robyn; Moore, Eileen M.; Glass, Leila; Infante, M. Alejandra; Tapert, Susan F.; Jones, Kenneth Lyons; Mattson, Sarah N.; Riley, Edward P.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.037

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…These authors also reported reduced surface area in the right superior temporal gyrus and occipital-temporal region, as well as global surface area reductions in bilateral frontal, temporal, and right occipital cortex that were consistent with overall volumetric reductions of these areas. In a more recent study, we found that adolescents with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure had reduced surface area of the anterior cingulate cortex compared to non-exposed adolescents (Migliorini et al, 2015). Given the known reductions in cortical volume and the discrepant findings concerning cortical thickness, examining additional morphological features will lead to a greater understanding of structural brain alterations in individuals with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Atypical cortical gyrification in adolescents with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

et al. 2015

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Prenatal alcohol exposure can adversely affect brain development, although little is known about the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on gyrification. Gyrification reflects cortical folding complexity and is a process by which the surface of the brain creates sulci and gyri. Prior studies have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with reduced gyrification in childhood, but no studies have examined adolescents. Subjects (12–16y) comprised two age-equivalent groups: 30 adolescents with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) and 19 non-exposed controls (CON). A T1-weighted image was obtained for all participants. Local gyrification index (LGI) was estimated using FreeSurfer. General linear models were used to determine between group differences in LGI controlling for age and sex. Age-by-group interactions were also investigated while controlling for sex. The AE group displayed reduced LGI relative to CON in the bilateral superior parietal region, right postcentral region, and left precentral and lateral occipital regions (ps < .001). Significant age-by-group interactions were observed in the right precentral and lateral occipital regions, and in the left pars opercularis and inferior parietal regions (ps < .01). The AE group showed age-related reductions in gyrification in all regions whereas the CON group showed increased gyrification with age in the lateral occipital region only. While cross-sectional, the age-related reduction in gyrification observed in the AE group suggests alterations in cortical development throughout adolescence and provides further insight into the pathophysiology and brain maturation of adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Atypical cortical gyrification in adolescents with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

et al. 2015

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“…Children with PAE often have arithmetic processing difficulties (Riley and McGee, ), and previous studies have shown altered activity during calculation tasks in the precuneus, right insula, right MFG, and POCG in children and adults with PAE (Meintjes et al, ; Santhanam, Li, Hu, Lynch, & Coles, ; Santhanam et al, ; Woods, Meintjes, Molteno, Jacobson, & Jacobson, ), all regions observed here to have altered connectivity with the sensorimotor regions. The ACC showed higher FC to the right hand sensorimotor region in PAE, also shows higher activation during inhibition tasks (O'Brien et al, ), and altered structure in children and adolescents with PAE compared to controls (Bjorkquist, Fryer, Reiss, Mattson, & Riley, ; Migliorini et al, ). The insula and STG are involved in speech production and language performance (Behroozmand et al, ; Oh, Duerden, & Pang, ), which are known to be impaired in children with FASD (McGee, Bjorkquist, Riley, & Mattson, ; Wyper and Rasmussen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor network alterations in children and youth with prenatal alcohol exposure

Long

Little

Beaulieu

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) often have impaired sensorimotor function. While altered brain structure has been noted in sensorimotor areas, the functional brain alterations remain unclear. This study aims to investigate sensorimotor brain networks in children and youth with PAE using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). A parcellation-based network analysis was performed to identify brain networks related to hand/lower limb and face/upper limb function in 59 children and youth with PAE and 50 typically developing controls. Participants with PAE and controls had similar organization of the hand and face areas within the primary sensorimotor cortex, but participants with PAE had altered functional connectivity (FC) between the sensorimotor regions and the rest of the brain. The sensorimotor regions in the PAE group showed less connectivity to certain hubs of the default mode network and more connectivity to areas of the salience network. Overall, our results show that despite similar patterns of organization in the sensorimotor network, subjects with PAE have increased FC between this network and other brain areas, perhaps suggesting overcompensation. These alterations in the sensorimotor network lay the foundation for future studies to evaluate interventions and treatments to improve motor function in children with PAE.

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“…Cortical structure was examined with both thickness and surface area, as these variables follow distinct developmental trajectories (Wierenga et al, 2014). This approach also prevented potential signal dilution errors that occur in measuring their product (volume) (Migliorini et al, 2015). Furthermore, recent work from our laboratory suggests that surface area is a sensitive index to the teratogenicity of prenatal alcohol exposure (Gross et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic Difficulties in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Presence, Profile, and Neural Correlates

Glass

Moore

Akshoomoff

et al. 2017

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Academic achievement was evaluated in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure to determine potential strengths and weaknesses, evaluate the utility of different definitions for identifying low academic performance, and explore the neural correlates that may underlie academic performance. Methods Children (8–16 years) were assessed using the WIAT-II. Patterns of performance were examined in two subject groups: children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (n=67) and controls (n=61). A repeated-measures MANCOVA examining group differences on academic domain (reading, spelling, math) scores was conducted. Post-hoc comparisons examined within-group profiles. Numbers and percentage of children with low achievement were calculated using several criteria. In a subsample (n=42), neural correlates were analyzed using FreeSurfer-v5.3 to examine relations between cortical structure (thickness and surface area) and performance. Results The alcohol-exposed group performed worse than controls on all domains and had a unique academic profile, supported by a significant group × academic domain interaction (p<.001). For the alcohol-exposed group, math reasoning was significantly lower than numerical operations, which was significantly lower than spelling and word reading. Over half of the alcohol-exposed group (58.2%) demonstrated low achievement on one or more academic domains. The number and percentage of children meeting criteria for low achievement varied based on the domain and definition used. The imaging analysis identified several surface area clusters that were differentially related to math (L superior parietal and R lateral/middle occipital) and spelling (bilateral inferior and medial temporal) performance by group, with no relations for the other academic domains. Generally, scores improved as surface area decreased in controls, whereas no relation or a positive relation was observed in the alcohol-exposed group. Conclusion Alcohol-exposed children demonstrated deficits in academic performance across domains and definitions with a relative weakness in math functioning. Atypical brain development may contribute to these impairments in academic achievement. Understanding academic difficulties can assist in advocating effectively for alcohol-exposed children.

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Anterior cingulate cortex surface area relates to behavioral inhibition in adolescents with and without heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

Cited by 41 publications

References 69 publications

Atypical cortical gyrification in adolescents with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

Atypical cortical gyrification in adolescents with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

Sensorimotor network alterations in children and youth with prenatal alcohol exposure

Academic Difficulties in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Presence, Profile, and Neural Correlates

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