Anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament injury

Abstract

Since August 1989 we have treated acute anteromedial instabilities with medial instability of 1+ and 2+ by augmented anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction alone. Subsequently, functional therapy for the lesion of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) was carried out. In a follow-up examination, we evaluated Lysholm, Marshall, OAK and IKDC scores, measured stability with the KT 1000, and tested isokinetic muscle function in 28 patients. The majority demonstrated stable healing of the MCL and ACL and good or excellent knee functions and muscle strength.

Risk factors for knee instability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

“…The presence of MCL injury was significantly related to postoperative instability. The most popular option for a combined ACL and MCL injury is ACL reconstruction with nonoperative MCL management [35]. In our study, we applied this treatment option to most cases of combined MCL injuries with <grade 2 valgus instability.…”

Primary reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament in combined injury of the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments

“…Several authors (Noyes and Barber-Westin [11], Schierl et al [13] and Ellsasser et al Several authors (Noyes and Barber-Westin [11], Schierl et al [13] and Ellsasser et al…”

“…Operative reconstruction of grades I and II injury of the MCL might not be necessary [11,13], but the loss of all three parts of the MCL in grade III injury leads to severe medial instability [4]. Experimental studies have shown that the presence of an injured ACL is critical for the quality of spontaneous healing of the MCL [16], and surgical treatment of the MCL results in a stronger ligament and Abstract We describe our experiences with 22 patients who underwent acute surgical intervention for complete combined injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) in our hospital.…”

Consideration of growth factors and bio-scaffolds for treatment of combined grade II MCL and ACL injury

“…Non‐operative treatment has been recommended for Grade I and II acute MCL injuries, and good to excellent results have been reported [50, 65, 69]. Although non‐surgical Grade II MCL injury management decreases the knee arthrofibrosis likelihood following ACL reconstruction, several studies have reported less‐organized collagen alignment, increased residual laxity, and reduced valgus knee loading resistance post‐healing [67, 78–80].…”