Anterior Cruciate Ligament Research Retreat VIII Summary Statement: An Update on Injury Risk Identification and Prevention Across the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Continuum, March 14–16, 2019, Greensboro, NC

Abstract

Carolina at Chapel Hill T he Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Research Retreat VIII was held March 14-16, 2019, in Greensboro, North Carolina. The retreat brought together clinicians and researchers to present and discuss research advances in ACL injury risk, outcomes, and prevention. Prior retreats (2001-2012) 1-6 largely focused on advances in primary injury risk-factor identification and prevention (ie, preventing the initial trauma). Despite our improved understanding of ACL injury risk and the success of primary prevention efforts, ACL injuries continue to occur and lead to short-term and long-term consequences that have substantial effects on joint health and quality of life for years to come. To address these additional challenges, the ACL Research Retreat expanded in scope to include secondary ACL injury risk and prevention in 2015 7 and the short-term and long-term sequelae of early-onset osteoarthritis that results from the initial trauma (herein, posttraumatic osteoarthritis or PTOA) in 2019. The ACL Research Retreat VIII therefore considered ACL injury risk and prevention along a continuum that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary risk identification and prevention strategies as described by Palmieri-Smith et al (Table 1). 8 To illustrate this continuum, consider a soccer team comprising 13-year-old girls. We know the ACL injury risk increases dramatically from ages 13 to 16, 9-11 such that girls have a 2 to 4 times greater risk than similarly trained males. 12,13 Thus, our first goal for this age group, especially 970 Volume 54 Number

Anterior cruciate ligament injury: towards a gendered environmental approach

“…Researchers responded with enthusiasm; as of 15 July 2020, a PubMed search for 'anterior cruciate ligament' or 'ACL' returned over 27 000 results. However, from the beginning, investigation into the injury rate disparity between women and men has focused heavily on 'sex'-based biological traits such as anatomy, physiology and hormones, 3 and has not considered wider gendered social influences, aside from brief mentions in review papers. [4][5][6] Annual ACL injury rates in the general population have remained unchanged in girls and women, while they have decreased among boys and men, 7 suggesting that strictly biological explanations may be insufficient to improve outcomes for girls and women.…”

The Reliability of Common Functional Performance Tests within an Experimental Test Battery for the Lower Extremities

“…Test batteries are an efficient screening tool to assess functional movement patterns [ 2 ] as well as to provide a multidimensional, objective, and quantitative analysis for the evaluation of functional performance [ 3 ]. In sports therapy, functional test batteries are widely used to assess sport-specific functional performance [ 2 , 4 ], to establish prevention strategies (such as pre-injury screenings) for anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL-I) [ 5 , 6 ], and to plan specific training interventions for the lower extremities [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Furthermore, they are regularly used in monitoring and decision-making processes of rehabilitation after ACL-I, for return-to-sport clearance, and for movement quality assessments [ 4 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Effects of the Graft Type Used for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Quality of Life

“…13,16 Clinicians should figure out the individual's perceptions of their confidence in safely participating in physical activity. 16 It is suggested that in addition to objective outcome measures, subjective outcome measures should be used as it provides patient-centered approach and shows global impact of injury to the patient. 17 Furthermore, generic health outcome measures such as SF-36 is suggested to be used in evaluation protocols for studies.…”