Anterior Sclera Undergoes Thinning with Increasing Degree of Myopia

Dhakal, Rohit; Vupparaboina, Kiran Kumar; Verkicharla, Pavan K.

doi:10.1167/iovs.61.4.6

Cited by 65 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The distance between the cornea and the insertion site of the rectus EOM was similar to that reported previously ( Table 4 ) [ 16 – 23 ]. However, Indians have a longer average of 8.7 mm of LR and 7.3 mm of MR in the direct measurements [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

et al. 2020

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Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the shape of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in normal subjects using the en-face images of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). The EOM insertion and the direction of the muscle fibers were investigated. Subjects and methods A total of 97 healthy normal subjects (194 eyes) at Okayama University Hospital (age, 47.1±21.5 years; range, 8–79 years) participated in the study. A series of 256 tomographic images of the rectus EOMs were captured using the C-scan function of the AS-OCT (CASIA2, TOMEY Co., Japan), and the images were converted to en-face images in multi-TIFF format. The anterior chamber angle to EOM insertion distance (AID) and the angle of the muscle fibers from the insertion site (angle of muscles) were measured from the images. The correlations of AID and angle of muscles with age and axial length were investigated and evaluated. Results AID and angle of muscles were significantly correlated with age or axial length in some EOMs. The AIDs of medial rectus (MR) (P = 0.000) and superior rectus (SR) (P = 0.005) shortened with age. The AIDs of MR (P = 0.001) and inferior rectus (IR) (P = 0.035) elongated with axial length, whereas lateral rectus (LR) (P = 0.013) shortened. The angles of MR (P = 0.001) and LR (P = 0.000) were found to have a more downward direction toward the posterior in older subjects. Conclusion En-face images can be created by AS-OCT, and the shape of the EOMs in normal subjects using these image measurements was available. With the ability to assess the EOMs, AID and angle of muscles are expected give useful information for treating and diagnosing strabismus-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

et al. 2020

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“…There were no significant correlations between central corneal stromal thickness and anterior scleral thickness in myopic participants. These results contrast with the recent study from Rohit Dhakal et al that suggested that the use of the anterior scleral thickness might be a biomarker for myopia progression [ 7 ]. In their study, Rohit Dhakal at al.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Relationship between Axial Length and Corneo-Scleral Topography: A Preliminary Study

2021

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The main objective of the current study was to investigate further the relationship of the overall length of the eye with a great variety of anterior segment parameters, including scleral geometry. A total of 64 eyes of 32 participants with ages from 12 to 52 years were included in this prospective non-randomized single-center study. All participants underwent a complete eye examination, including an analysis of corneo-scleral shape with a Fourier-domain profilometer. A strong negative correlation was found between axial length and temporal-nasal ocular sagittal height difference for different chord lengths. For the right eye, a consistent and stable linear model was obtained to predict the axial length from the spherical equivalent, the corneal diameter, the high-order aberrations root mean square, and the minimum sagittal height for 13- and 14-mm chord. For the left eye, a model was obtained to predict the axial length from the spherical equivalent and the mean corneal curvature, including other parameters such as corneal diameter or high-order aberrations, depending on the chord length, considered for estimating the sagittal height values. More studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary outcomes.

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“…Previous histomorphometric studies have demonstrated that anterior scleral thickness measured at the limbus and ora serrata was not significantly different in nonaxially elongated eyes and axially elongated eyes [5]. Buckhurst et al [14] and Pekel et al [15] also reported similar findings that axial length was not associated with the anterior scleral thickness using in vivo measurements of the sclera using optical coherence tomography (OCT), whereas more recently, Dhakal et al [16] demonstrated significant thinning of the anterior sclera along the inferior meridian with increasing axial length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, little attention has been given to the anterior sclera, and there is limited information in this regard. Although several studies have investigated the anterior sclera in myopic eyes, the results are conflicting [5, 14-16]. Previous histomorphometric studies have demonstrated that anterior scleral thickness measured at the limbus and ora serrata was not significantly different in nonaxially elongated eyes and axially elongated eyes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior Scleral Thickness in Myopic Eyes and Its Association with Ocular Parameters

Sung¹,

Ji²,

Moon³

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether the anterior scleral thickness is affected by axial elongation and to investigate the association between anterior scleral thickness and various ocular parameters in myopic eyes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 79 healthy myopic participants. Anterior scleral thickness was measured in eight meridians (superior-nasal [SN], superior [S], superior-temporal [ST], temporal [T], inferior-temporal [IT], inferior [I], inferior-nasal [IN], and nasal [N]) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) area, width of β-parapapillary atrophy with and without Bruch’s membrane (PPA+BM and PPA-BM), and the global peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) were additionally measured. Age- and sex-adjusted partial correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed to examine the effects of axial length and various ocular parameters on anterior scleral thickness in myopic eyes. Results: The mean age of the included participants was 27.03 ± 2.70 years. Overall, the anterior scleral thickness varied topographically according to the meridians and distance from the scleral spur. In the partial correlation analysis controlled for the effect of age and sex, increasing axial length was related to anterior scleral thinning at several measurement points along the T, I, and N meridians. Among the several ocular parameters, multivariate linear regression analysis with age, sex, and axial length as covariates revealed that central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and BMO area were significantly associated with anterior scleral thickness. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was a close relationship between the anterior scleral thickness and several ocular parameters in myopic eyes. These features should be taken into consideration when managing myopia, and our results might have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of scleral changes during axial elongation.

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Anterior Sclera Undergoes Thinning with Increasing Degree of Myopia

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Shape analysis of rectus extraocular muscles with age and axial length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Relationship between Axial Length and Corneo-Scleral Topography: A Preliminary Study

Anterior Scleral Thickness in Myopic Eyes and Its Association with Ocular Parameters

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