Anthocyanidin synthase in non‐anthocyanin‐producing Caryophyllales species

Shimada, Setsuko; Inoue, Yoriko T.; Sakuta, Masaaki

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02574.x

Cited by 85 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For all five genes, their expression in seeds was higher in 'Heugjinju' than in 'llpum', indicating that the accumulation of anthocyanin is correlated with the expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis. Shimada et al (2005) also Figure 2. Expression of anthocyanin-biosynthetic genes in two rice cultivars.…”

Section: Expression Analysis Of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anthocyanin content in rice is related to expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Min³

et al. 2007

J. Plant Biol.

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The composition of anthocyanins was analyzed in two rice cultivars. 'llpum ~ showed no detectable levels, while 'Heugjinju ' contained three types of anthocyanins: cyanidin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside. We also assessed the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes -for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3[3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and anthocyanin synthase (ANS) -in different tissues of those cultivars. All five genes were expressed more in the leaves and seeds of 'Heugjinju' than in 'llpum', with the greatest amount of transcript being detected in 'Heugjinju' seeds. Two genes, DFR and ANS, had relatively high expression levels and were specific for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, expression of CHS, F3H, DFR, and ANS was enhanced during seed maturation and was correlated with ambient temperature during seedling growth.

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Section: Expression Analysis Of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-related Genesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Anthocyanin content in rice is related to expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Min³

et al. 2007

J. Plant Biol.

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“…Transposon tagging, which has been successfully used to identify relevant genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in maize, petunia and morning glories, may be the most efficient way to identify the genes involved in betalain biosynthesis. Characterization of the genes encoding the flavonoid/anthocyanidin biosynthetic enzymes in betacyanin-producing plants has begun (Shimada et al, 2004(Shimada et al, , 2005(Shimada et al, , 2007. This may help clarify the taxonomic mystery of Caryophyllales.…”

Section: Further Characterization Of the Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

2008

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SummaryPlant compounds that are perceived by humans to have color are generally referred to as 'pigments'. Their varied structures and colors have long fascinated chemists and biologists, who have examined their chemical and physical properties, their mode of synthesis, and their physiological and ecological roles. Plant pigments also have a long history of use by humans. The major classes of plant pigments, with the exception of the chlorophylls, are reviewed here. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids derived ultimately from phenylalanine, are water-soluble, synthesized in the cytosol, and localized in vacuoles. They provide a wide range of colors ranging from orange/red to violet/blue. In addition to various modifications to their structures, their specific color also depends on co-pigments, metal ions and pH. They are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. The lipid-soluble, yellow-to-red carotenoids, a subclass of terpenoids, are also distributed ubiquitously in plants. They are synthesized in chloroplasts and are essential to the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Betalains, also conferring yellow-to-red colors, are nitrogen-containing water-soluble compounds derived from tyrosine that are found only in a limited number of plant lineages. In contrast to anthocyanins and carotenoids, the biosynthetic pathway of betalains is only partially understood. All three classes of pigments act as visible signals to attract insects, birds and animals for pollination and seed dispersal. They also protect plants from damage caused by UV and visible light.

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“…We compared our deduced sequences to specific amino acid changes that have been previously reported to alter anthocyanin production, but no match was found. These changes included amino acid sequences of DFR from petunia, potato and Caryophyllales (De Jong et al, 2003;Johnson et al, 2001;Shimada et al, 2004), ANS from Caryophyllales, gentian and onions (Kim et al, 2005;Nakatsuka et al, 2005;Shimada et al, 2005), and F3'5'H and FLS from soybean (Takahashi et al, 2007(Takahashi et al, , 2010. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the amino acid alterations might potentially affect the flower colors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sequence and Expression of Eight Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes on Floral Coloration in Four <i>Dendrobium</i> Hybrids

et al. 2015

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Understanding the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis is beneficial to genetic improvement for floral production in Dendrobium orchids. Full-length cDNA of CHS, CHI1, CHI2, F3H, DFR, ANS, F3'5'H, and FLS was isolated from Dendrobium hybrids with purple, peach, white and greenish white flowers. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and gene expression levels of the eight genes suggested potential causes of color variation among the hybrids. Peach hybrid (SC) was likely due to changes in anthocyanin production from cyanidin to pelargonidin through mutations in F3'H, and the low color intensity was likely derived from the low expression levels of CHI1 and CHI2. In addition, white hybrid (RW) was likely caused by several mutations in F3H and/or high expression levels of FLS, an enzyme that converts color flavonoid intermediates into colorless flavonols. Simultaneous loss of F3H, DFR, and ANS expression observed in another white hybrid (JW) indicated that an alteration of anthocyanin regulatory controls was likely the cause of white coloration. Furthermore, analysis of hybrid mutants bearing pale and dark flowers demonstrated the influence of the expression of anthocyanin genes on the intensity of flower colors. Data obtained from this work could contribute to new strategies for future orchid breeding.

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Anthocyanidin synthase in non‐anthocyanin‐producing Caryophyllales species

Cited by 85 publications

References 50 publications

Anthocyanin content in rice is related to expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes

Anthocyanin content in rice is related to expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

Effects of Sequence and Expression of Eight Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Genes on Floral Coloration in Four <i>Dendrobium</i> Hybrids

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