Anthocyanin Accumulation, Antioxidant Ability and Stability, and a Transcriptional Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple Heading Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>)

He, Qiong; Zhang, Zhangfeng; Zhang, Lugang

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04674

Cited by 76 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The same is true for B. rapa , B. oleracea and B. napus , whose genomes do not contain CYP75A sequences (Chen et al ., unpublished data). However, delphinidin‐based anthocyanins were previously found in B. rapa (purple bok choy) (Zhang et al ., ) and purple heading Chinese cabbage (He et al ., ) as well as in the present study in B. napus , in which three types of known delphinidin and one type of new delphinidin were identified in red petals and one type of delphinidin was identified in yellow petals. Thus, it was interesting to investigate whether B. rapa and B. napus contain isoenzymes that share the same catalytic activity as F3′5′H.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The most preferentially accumulated anthocyanin in red petals showed peaks at retention times of 9.9 and 10.4 and a molecular weight of 1005.2124 ( Figure S7a). MS data ([M]+, m/z 1005; MS/MS, m/z 757/535/287) indicated that it was a known anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-coumaroyldiglucoside-5-malonylglucoside ( Figure S7b) (He et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2014b). One new anthocyanin with a molecular weight of 713.1562 was found to be delphinidin-3-malonyl glucoside-5-glucoside, according to the MS data ([M]+, m/z 713; MS/MS, m/z 551/465/303), but this identification requires further confirmation by other methods.…”

Section: Camv35s-driven Overexpression Of Ovpap2 In a Thaliana And Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of red‐flowered oilseed rape via the ectopic expression of Orychophragmus violaceus OvPAP2

Chen

Pan

et al. 2017

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryOilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which has yellow flowers, is both an important oil crop and a traditional tourism resource in China, whereas the Orychophragmus violaceus, which has purple flowers, likely possesses a candidate gene or genes to alter the flower colour of oilseed rape. A previously established B. napus line has a particular pair of O. violaceus chromosomes (M4) and exhibits slightly red petals. In this study, the transcriptomic analysis of M4, B. napus (H3), and O. violaceus with purple petals (OvP) and with white petals (OvW) revealed that most anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were up‐regulated in both M4 and OvP. Read assembly and sequence alignment identified a homolog of AtPAP2 in M4, which produced the O. violaceus transcript (OvPAP2). The overexpression of OvPAP2 via the CaMV35S promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana led to different levels of anthocyanin accumulation in most organs, including the petals. However, the B. napus overexpression plants showed anthocyanin accumulation primarily in the anthers, but not the petals. However, when OvPAP2 was driven by the petal‐specific promoter XY355, the transgenic B. napus plants produced red anthers and red petals. The results of metabolomic experiments showed that specific anthocyanins accumulated to high levels in the red petals. This study illustrates the feasibility of producing red‐flowered oilseed rape, thereby enhancing its ornamental value, via the ectopic expression of the OvPAP2 gene. Moreover, the practical application of this study for insect pest management in the crop is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Camv35s-driven Overexpression Of Ovpap2 In a Thaliana And Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of red‐flowered oilseed rape via the ectopic expression of Orychophragmus violaceus OvPAP2

Chen

Pan

et al. 2017

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…Total anthocyanin extraction and determination were measured using an UV-visible spectroscopy method as previously with a few modifications [39]. Crushed samples (1.0 g) were extracted using the 1% hydrochloric acid water solution (10 mL), and measured at λ max 530 nm and 700 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, USA) in a 0.2-M potassium chloride buffer (pH 1.0) and a 0.45-M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5), respectively.…”

Section: Total Anthocyanins Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and the qRT-PCR reactions in IQ5 optical system (Bio-Rad, USA) were performed as described previously [39]. The synthetic cDNA was diluted to 50 ng µL −1 with double-distilled water using a microspectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA).…”

Section: Identification Of Anthocyanin Biosyntheis Genes and Quantitamentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in the Seedlings of Purple Head Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

Ren

Zhao

et al. 2020

Genes

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To elucidate the effect of low temperature on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple head Chinese cabbage, we analyzed anthocyanin accumulation and related gene expression in the seedlings of purple head Chinese cabbage, white head parent Chinese cabbage, and its purple male parent under a normal 25 °C temperature and a low 12 °C temperature. Anthocyanin accumulation in purple lines was strongly induced by low temperature, and the total anthocyanin content of seedlings was significantly enhanced. In addition, nearly all phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway genes (PMPGs) were down-regulated, some early biosynthesis genes (EBGs) were up-regulated, and nearly all late biosynthesis genes (LBGs) directly involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis showed higher expression levels in purple lines after low-temperature induction. Interestingly, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) gene ‘BrMYB2’ and a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) regulatory gene ‘BrTT8’ were highly up-regulated in purple lines after low temperature induction, and two negative regulatory genes ‘BrMYBL2.1’ and ‘BrLBD38.2’ were up-regulated in the white line. BrMYB2 and BrTT8 may play important roles in co-activating the anthocyanin structural genes in purple head Chinese cabbage after low-temperature induction, whereas down-regulation of BrMYB2 and up-regulation of some negative regulators might be responsible for white head phenotype formation. Data presented here provide new understanding into the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism during low temperature exposure in Brassica crops.

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“…In Brassica vegetables, fifteen to twenty-four anthocyanins from the leaves of red cabbage were detected by HPLC [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Twenty to thirty kinds of anthocyanins have been identified in purple Chinese cabbage [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In the deep purple pakchoi line, eight to twenty species of anthocyanins have been investigated [ 16 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Relationship between Leaf Color Formation and Anthocyanin Metabolism among Different Purple Pakchoi Lines

Song

Chen

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Purple pakchoi (Brassica rapa ssp. Chinensis) is particularly appreciated due to its high edible quality and ornamental value, but there are few studies on the underlying mechanisms of leaf color formation. To comprehensively assess the differences in purple formation in pakchoi, four lines of pakchoi with different purple leaves were used in this experiment to determine the pigment content and to investigate the distribution and components of anthocyanin using LCMS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) and leaf cross-sections. Moreover, the expression levels of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes in four lines were calculated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that three new purple lines rich in anthocyanin and of high-quality were bred, and the anthocyanin were mainly distributed in both the upper epidermis and lower epidermis of leaves. Thirteen anthocyanin components were separated and identified, all the anthocyanins were acylated and glycosylated cyanidins; the main anthocyanins in purple pakchoi were a diacylated form of cyanidin 3-trans-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside. Both the ratio of non-aromatic acylated cyanidin to aromatic acylated cyanidin and the ratio of anthocyanin content to chlorophyll content were responsible for the color formation in different purple pakchoi lines. When the ratio was high, the leaf appeared reddish purple, and when the ratio was low, the leaf appeared deep purple, even blackish purple. The expression level of BrF3H was significantly correlated with the content of anthocyanin through the correlation coefficient, which was speculated to be the main anthocyanin synthesis-related gene resulting in color differences among the four purple pakchoi lines. These results will enhance our understanding for the cultivation of new purple pakchoi varieties.

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Anthocyanin Accumulation, Antioxidant Ability and Stability, and a Transcriptional Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

Cited by 76 publications

References 50 publications

Production of red‐flowered oilseed rape via the ectopic expression of Orychophragmus violaceus OvPAP2

Production of red‐flowered oilseed rape via the ectopic expression of Orychophragmus violaceus OvPAP2

Low Temperature Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in the Seedlings of Purple Head Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

Study of the Relationship between Leaf Color Formation and Anthocyanin Metabolism among Different Purple Pakchoi Lines

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