Anthocyanin‐rich fraction from black rice, Oryza sativa L. var. indica “Luem Pua,” bran extract attenuates kidney injury induced by high‐fat diet involving oxidative stress and apoptosis in obese rats

Abstract

Obesity is acknowledged as being a world health problem and increases the risk of several chronic diseases including chronic kidney disease. High‐fat diet consumption and obesity‐related renal disease show a close correlation with increased oxidative stress. Black rice bran extract, (BRE) Oryza sativa L. variety “Luem Pua” contains a high anthocyanin content. This study evaluated the effects of an anthocyanin‐rich fraction from BRE on renal function and oxidative stress in obese rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or high‐fat diet (HF) for 16 weeks. After this, the rats were given either vehicle (HF), BRE 100 (HF100) or BRE 200 mg/kg/day (HF200) orally for 8 weeks. The HF rats had increased body weight, visceral fat weight, plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. These parameters were normalized following HF100 administration and showed a decreasing trend with HF200. Serum creatinine and renal cortical MDA were increased in the HF group but these effects were attenuated by BRE. Negative kidney injury and histopathology changes were observed following a HF, but treatment with BRE reversed these deleterious effects. These results suggest that BRE could be used as a food supplement to improve metabolic disturbance and prevent kidney dysfunction in cases of obesity.

Resistant starch from black rice, Oryza sativaL. var. ameliorates renal inflammation, fibrosis and injury in insulin resistant rats

“…Decreases in the apoptotic proteins cytochrome c, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 along with increases in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in the RS treatment group were found. These data were confirmed by our previous studies that showed the anti-apoptotic effects of the anthocyanin rich fraction from BR bran and riceberry bran extract in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and obese rat models (Arjinajarn et al, 2017;Laorodphun et al, 2021).…”

“…BR in the variety name of “Luem‐Pua,” is a traditional food for Asian people. It contains many bioactive substances, including anthocyanin, flavonoids, and γ‐Oryzanol, which exhibit beneficial effects on anti‐diabetes, anti‐obesity, anti‐oxidative stress, and anti‐inflammation (Arjinajarn et al, 2017; Laorodphun et al, 2021; Yang et al, 2019). Several previous studies demonstrated the anti‐lipidemic and anti‐adipogenic effects of BR.…”

“…RS and metformin were orally administered by gavage feeding once a day for 8 weeks. The dose and duration of treatment of RS were applied according to the effect of the anthocyanin‐rich fraction from BR bran extract on the improvement of kidney injury from our previous study (Laorodphun et al, 2021). At the end of the experimental period, the rats were put into a metabolic cage to collect 24‐hr urine samples, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed.…”

“…is a traditional food for Asian people. It contains many bioactive substances, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and γ‐Oryzanol, a lipid derived from fat or oil of rice bran, which exhibit beneficial effects regarding anti‐diabetes, anti‐aging, anti‐oxidative stress, and anti‐osteoporosis (Arjinajarn et al, 2017; Laorodphun et al, 2021; Qi et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2019). More than 90% of the total anthocyanin content from black or purple pigments in rice extract is cyanidin3‐glucoside (C3G).…”

Phytochemical Classification of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Kidney Disease Based on Traditional Persian Medicine

“…Oryza sativa L., as a rich source of anthocyanin, was investigated in renal function in obese rats. It was observed to show a reduction in renal injury by the attenuation of either oxidative stress, or apoptosis of renal cells [ 157 ].…”