Anthropometric characteristics and mammographic parenchymal patterns in post-menopausal women: a population-based study in Northern Greece

Riza, Elena; Remoundos, Dionysios-Dennis; Bakali, Evangelia; Karadedou-Zafiriadou, Efi; Linos, Dimitrios; Linos, Athena

doi:10.1007/s10552-008-9232-8

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It was also found that in BMIs of 25-29, most of the cases (121 subjects) (28.3%) were in the high-density group and Fisher's exact test showed a significant association between BMI and dense view in mammography. These results also correspond with the study of Riza [12]. Overall, of the studied variables, age, BMI and breast cup size showed inverse relationships with density of breast tissue in mammography, while menstrual status can have a direct effect on the density of breast tissue in mammography.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Breast tissue density is the strongest factor in the increased risk of breast cancer and various studies have indicated that women with a high density of breast tissue are 4-6 times in higher risk of breast cancer than women with low breast tissue density [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In total, in different studies, various factors such as age, hormones usage, factors associated with parents, body mass index (BMI) and reproductive factors have been considered effective on breast tissue density, but no definitive cause for this issue is known yet [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Given that the increased density of breast tissue can lead to increased risk of breast cancer, using intervention strategies for reducing its density will be very important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Factors Affecting the Mammographic Density of Breast Tissue in Patients Referred to the Breast Cancer Research Center, Iran

Hashemi

Haghighat

Olfatbakhsh

et al. 2017

mcij

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Introduction: Of the factors leading to false negative results in mammography is breast tissue density, and by increasing the density of breast tissue in mammography, the mammography sensitivity decreases. On the other hand, increasing the breast tissue density leads to increased risk of breast cancer. Various factors such as inheritance, genetics, hormonal and reproductive factors, and nutritional factors can affect the breast density, but the definitive cause of this issue is unknown. This study investigated the possible factors influencing the increase in breast tissue density in mammography. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 428 patients were enrolled; the demographic questionnaire on variables included age, body mass index (BMI), fertility, age of menarche, taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP), menstrual status and breast size, which were completed and evaluated. To determine the relationship between the studied variables and the breast density in mammography, chi-squared test and logistic regression were used. Results:The results showed significant correlation in age of less than 50 years, small breast cup size, low BMI, and the premenopausal status with dense view in mammography (P < 0.001). No significant relationship was observed in OCP consumption and menarche age with dense view in mammography (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher breast density in premenopausal women with low BMI may lower the sensitivity of mammography. This can underscore the importance and necessity of further controls with short intervals as well as the use of other tools for diagnosing breast cancer in these groups of patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Mammographic Density of Breast Tissue in Patients Referred to the Breast Cancer Research Center, Iran

Hashemi

Haghighat

Olfatbakhsh

et al. 2017

mcij

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“…The effects of radiotherapy most easily noticed on photographs are changes in size and shape, with breast shrinkage the commonest effect. In large-or heavy-breasted women, the major component of the breast by volume is adipose tissue [30,31]. This raises the possibility that adipose tissue in large-or heavy-breasted women is, in some way, more sensitive to the effects of radiotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large breast size as a risk factor for late adverse effects of breast radiotherapy: Is residual dose inhomogeneity, despite 3D treatment planning and delivery, the main explanation?

Goldsmith

Haviland

Tsang

et al. 2011

Radiotherapy and Oncology

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a b s t r a c tBackground and Purpose: Large breast size is associated with an increased risk of late adverse effects after breast conservation surgery and radiotherapy, even when 3D dosimetry is used. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that residual dose inhomogeneity is sufficient to explain the association. Methods: Patients previously treated after breast conservation surgery with whole breast radiotherapy using 3D dosimetry and followed up in the UK FAST hypofractionation trial were selected for this analysis. The residual level of dose inhomogeneity across the whole breast treatment volume was used to test for association between residual dosimetry and post-treatment change in breast appearance at 2 years post-radiotherapy. Results: At 2 years, 201/279 (72%) of women had no change in photographic breast appearance, 61 (22%) had mild change and 17 (6%) had marked change. Breast size and dosimetry were both significantly associated with late effects in univariate analyses, but only breast size remained an independent significant risk factor for change in breast appearance when included in a multiple regression model together with other prognostic factors (p = 0.006 for trend). Conclusion: Large-breasted women are more likely to suffer change in breast size and shape after whole breast radiotherapy delivered using 3D dosimetry, but residual dose inhomogeneity is insufficient to explain the association.Ó 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Radiotherapy and Oncology xxx (2011) xxx-xxxThere is retrospective evidence that breast size is a risk factor for late adverse effects following breast conservation surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Body mass index, correlated to breast size and brassiere size, has also been linked to the risk of acute skin reactions and to late cosmesis [10][11][12]. Not all studies are confirmatory, but the weight of evidence suggests that the association between the size of the breast and the risk of early and late adverse effects in the breast is real [13][14][15][16]. Analyses are based on assessments of late adverse effects made in clinic or from photographs, focusing on changes in breast size and shape, breast oedema and telangiectasia. Marked acute skin reactions in the inframammary fold of heavy-breasted patients may explain part of the association via an increased risk of consequential late effects.Suboptimal dosimetry is thought to explain at least part of the association between breast size and risk of late normal tissue damage after radiotherapy delivered using 2D techniques [1,2,4,6,17]. A cause and effect relationship is supported by the 5-year results of a randomised trial (N = 306) comparing 2D and 3D radiation dosimetry [18], but not so far by the 2-year results of a larger confirmatory study [19]. Assuming dose distribution matters, it is not known if residual dose inhomogeneity in patients treated using 3D dosimetry explains a significant component of late adverse effects in large breasted w...

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“…The underlying mechanism for the relationship between body size indices and breast cancer risk is still uncertain, and greater height and obesity may increase the risk of breast cancer through their effects on the components of breast tissue. However, the associations of body size indices and mammographic density have not been in accordance with the associations between the body size indices and breast cancer in studies of Western populations (19,20) as well as of Singaporean Chinese women (21,22). Replication of these findings in other Asian populations would provide strong evidence that body size increases the risk of breast cancer through another mechanism than their influence on breast tissue components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of Body Size Measurements and Mammographic Density in Korean Women: The Healthy Twin Study

Sung

Song

Stone

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Both greater body size and higher mammographic density seem to be associated with a risk of breast cancer. To understand a mechanism through which body size confers a higher risk of breast cancer, associations between mammographic measures and various measures of body size were examined.Method: Study subjects were 730 Korean women selected from the Healthy Twin study. Body size measurements were completed according to standard protocol. Mammographic density was measured from digital mammograms using a computer-assisted method from which the total area and the dense area of the breast were calculated, and nondense area and percent of dense area were straightforwardly derived. Linear mixed models considering familial correlations were used for analyses.Results: Total and nondense areas were positively associated with current body mass index (BMI), BMI at 35 years, total fat percent, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio, whereas percent dense area was inversely associated with these characteristics in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Height was not associated with any mammographic measure. Total and nondense areas had strong positive genetic correlations with current BMI, total fat percent, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio, whereas percent dense area had strong inverse genetic correlations with these body size measurements.Conclusion: Mammographic density and obesity are inversely associated with each other possibly from common genetic influences that have opposite effects on mammographic density and obesity in Korean women.Impact: The association between obesity and breast cancer does not seem to be mediated through mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1523-31. ©2010 AACR.

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Anthropometric characteristics and mammographic parenchymal patterns in post-menopausal women: a population-based study in Northern Greece

Cited by 13 publications

References 61 publications

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Mammographic Density of Breast Tissue in Patients Referred to the Breast Cancer Research Center, Iran

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Mammographic Density of Breast Tissue in Patients Referred to the Breast Cancer Research Center, Iran

Large breast size as a risk factor for late adverse effects of breast radiotherapy: Is residual dose inhomogeneity, despite 3D treatment planning and delivery, the main explanation?

Association of Body Size Measurements and Mammographic Density in Korean Women: The Healthy Twin Study

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