Anthropometric dimensions of male powerlifters of varying body mass

Keogh, Justin W L; Hume, Patria A.; Pearson, Simon; Mellow, Peter

doi:10.1080/02640410601059630

Cited by 72 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Further cohort studies also need to be conducted to determine how other intrinsic factors e.g. anthropometric profile, flexibility and muscular strength/endurance imbalances [56][57][58][59], extrinsic factors e.g. use of weight belts [60,61] and inciting events e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Injuries Across the Weight-Training Sports

2016

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The weight training sports appear to have lower rates of injury than many common team sports.It is however acknowledged that this conclusion may partly reflect some limitations in the weight training sport injury epidemiology literature, primarily study design, diagnosis of injury and changes in risk exposure.Each of the weight training sports tended to have some subtle differences in their injury epidemiology, particularly their proportional injury rates across the various anatomical locations as well as the onset and severity of injury.The intrinsic factors of sex, competitive standard, age and bodyweight class may only have a relatively minor influence on the injury epidemiology of the weight training sports. Weight training injuries AbstractBackground: Weight training sports including weightlifting, powerlifting, bodybuilding, strongman, Highland Games and CrossFit are weight training sports that have separate divisions for males and females of a variety of ages, competitive standards and bodyweight classes. These sports may be considered dangerous due to the heavy loads commonly used in training and competition. Objectives: To systematically review the injury epidemiology of these weight training sports; and where possible gain some insight into whether this may be affected by age, sex, competitive standard and bodyweight class. Methods: An electronic search was performed using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Embase for injury epidemiology studies involving competitive athletes in these weight training sports. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed journal articles only, with no limit placed on date or language of publication. Risk of bias was assessed in all studies using an adaption of musculoskeletal injury review method. Results: Only five of the 20 eligible studies had a risk of bias score ≥75%; meaning the risk of bias in these five studies was considered low. While 14 of the studies had sample sizes greater in 100 participants, only four studies utilized a prospective design. Bodybuilding had the lowest injury rates (0.12 -0.7 injuries per lifter per year; 0.24 -1 injury per 1000 hours), with strongman (4.5 -6.1 injuries per 1000 hours) and Highland Games (7.5 injuries per 1000 hours) reporting the highest rates.The shoulder, lower back, knee, elbow and wrist/hand were generally the most commonly injured anatomical locations; with strains, tendinitis and sprains the most common injury type.Very few significant differences in any of the injury outcomes were observed as a function of age, sex, competitive standard or bodyweight class. Conclusion: While the majority of the research reviewed utilized retrospective designs, the weight training sports appear to have relatively low rates of injury compared to common team sports. Future weight training sport Weight training injuries injury epidemiology research needs to be improved, particularly with regard to the use of prospective designs, diagnosis of injury and changes in risk exposure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Injuries Across the Weight-Training Sports

2016

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“…These impressive displays of strength appear to be related to the lifters' anthropometric characteristics (Brechue & Abe, 2002;Mayhew, McCormick, Piper, Kurth, & Arnold, 1993a). In particular, powerlifters are highly mesomorphic, possess high body and fat-free mass per unit height, and have large trunk and limb girths (Bale & Williams, 1987;Brechue & Abe, 2002;Johnson, Housh, Powell, & Ansorge, 1990;Katch, Katch, Moffatt, & Gittleson, 1980;Keogh, Hume, Pearson, & Mellow, 2007;Mayhew et al, 1993a). Most powerlifters, with the possible exception of the lifters in the heavier bodyweight classes, also have relatively low body fat (Bale & Williams, 1987;Brechue & Abe, 2002;Keogh et al, 2007;Mayhew et al, 1993a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

To what extent does sexual dimorphism exist in competitive powerlifters?

Keogh

Hume

Pearson

et al. 2008

Journal of Sports Sciences

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We examined sexual dimorphism in the anthropometry of 68 Australasian and Pacific powerlifters (14 females, 54 males) who were competing in one of two national or international powerlifting competitions held in New Zealand. All powerlifters were assessed for 37 anthropometric dimensions by ISAK (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry) Level II and III accredited anthropometrists. While the powerlifters were highly mesomorphic and possessed large girths and bone breadths, both in absolute terms and when expressed as Z(p)-scores compared through the Phantom (Ross & Wilson, 1974), these characteristics were often more pronounced in male than female lifters. No significant inter-gender differences in any of the measures of adiposity were observed. When normalized through the Phantom, the female and male powerlifters had relatively similar segment lengths and bone breadths, indicating that regardless of gender, competitive powerlifters possess comparable skeletal proportions. These results indicate that although competitive powerlifters exhibit sexual dimorphism for many absolute anthropometric measures, little dimorphism is found for measures of adiposity and for proportional segment lengths and bone breadths. These results further support the importance of anthropometric profiling for powerlifting, and suggest that successful male and female powerlifters will possess similar proportional characteristics.

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“…As a result, their unique phenotype and training practices have served as a model for research in a range of disciplines including biomechanics (7,24), anthropometry (2,20) and physiology (4,13). Powerlifters are frequently grouped with Olympic style weightlifters in research pertaining to high-intensity resistance training (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%