Anthropometric variables and physical activity as predictors of cardiac cachexia

Castillo-Martı́nez, Lilia; Orea-Tejeda, Arturo; Rosales, Marilú Terrones; Ramı́rez, Eloisa Colı́n; González, Verónica Rebollar; Lafuente, Enrique Asensio; Moguel, Jorge Oseguera; Garcı́a, Joel Dorantes

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.01.014

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Conversely, the lower nonexercise movement with aging may reflect decreased muscle mass alone, as occurs in other musclewasting states (4,30,44). Thus, if nonexercise movement were less in elderly individuals compared with young control individuals that are matched for lean body mass, it would suggest that the difference in nonexercise movement was independent of lean body mass.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonexercise movement in elderly compared with young people

Harris¹,

Lanningham-Foster²,

McCrady³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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-The association between freeliving daily activity and aging is unclear because nonexercise movement and its energetic equivalent, nonexercise activity thermogenesis, have not been exhaustively studied in the elderly. We wanted to address the hypothesis that free-living nonexercise movement is lower in older individuals compared with younger controls matched for lean body mass. Ten lean, healthy, sedentary elderly and 10 young subjects matched for lean body mass underwent measurements of nonexercise movement and body posture over 10 days using sensitive, validated technology. In addition, energy expenditure was assessed using doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Total nonexercise movement (acceleration arbitrary units), standing time, and standing acceleration were significantly lower in the elderly subjects; this was specifically because the elderly walked less distance per day despite having a similar number of walking bouts per day compared with the young individuals. The energetic cost of basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, total daily energy expenditure, and nonexercise activity thermogenesis were not different between the elderly and young groups. Thus, the energetic cost of walking in the elderly may be greater than in the young. Lean, healthy elderly individuals may have a biological drive to be less active than the young.nonexercise activity thermogenesis; physical activity monitoring system; sarcopenia THE AGING POPULATION is increasing in size. For example, in the US, by census data in 2005 there were ϳ37 million people aged Ն65 yr. By 2020, it is predicted, there will be ϳ54 million, and by 2050 ϳ87 million people in the US will be age 65 yr and over (10). Worldwide in 2000, there were 606 million people aged 60 yr and above, and it is predicted that by 2050 this will increase to two billion (9). Overall, the population and number of elderly people is increasing worldwide.Free-living nonexercise movement declines with aging in several animal species, including worms, fruit-flies, rats, mice, cats, and dogs (17, 23, 25-27, 37, 39). The decline in nonexercise movement with aging could be important in human science. This is because low levels of overall nonexercise movement may be associated with the loss of muscle associated with aging, termed sarcopenia. The sarcopenia of aging, in turn, is associated with physical disability in the elderly, resulting in increased morbidity (1,15,16,24). Thus, freeliving nonexercise movement is important both for understanding the biology of aging and for its health implications (22).Nonexercise movement has been widely assumed to decrease in humans with aging; however, this has not been objectively assessed. The reason that so little is known about nonexercise movement in the elderly is the difficulty of measuring this variable in free-living people. However, validated tools have recently become available to do this (18 -20), and so we are able to detail free-living nonexercise movement and its components in healthy elderly people.Nonexercise move...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonexercise movement in elderly compared with young people

Harris¹,

Lanningham-Foster²,

McCrady³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Highest of the measurements was used for analysis. Measurements of skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) and circumferences (mid-arm, waist, and hip) were done using previously published protocols (7). All measurements were done three times at each site.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same mechanisms responsible for weight loss are responsible for some important laboratory and anthropometric features that can be found in patients suffering from chronic HF or tumor diseases. Several studies have found important differences in anthropometric measurements between patients with chronic HF (7) or tumors (8) and control population. Differences in several laboratory parameters were also found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric and Laboratory Variables Related to Weight Loss—Comparison of Heart Failure Patients with Tumor Patients and Control Population

2017

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BackgroundBody weight loss is an important feature of heart failure (HF) and tumors. It is related to both reduced survival and adverse reactions to therapy in both of these conditions. The mechanisms of body weight loss in patients with HF and tumors are considered to be similar. Yet, studies comparing those two populations are generally lacking. The aim of this study was to compare anthropometric and laboratory data, related to weight loss, between patients with chronic HF and patients with different tumors as well as control population.MethodsLaboratory and anthropometric data on 143 consecutive patients with chronic HF and malignant diseases as well as data for 20 controls were collected.ResultsPatients with HF had lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin compared to controls. Anthropometric measurements revealed lower body mass index (BMI), muscle strength, mid-arm circumference, and waist circumference in patients with HF compared to controls. Measurements of biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds were also lower in HF group. Compared to solid tumor group, HF patients had lower levels of CRP and higher levels of hemoglobin. Solid tumor patients had lower values of BMI and subscapular skinfold thickness, as well as higher muscle strength compared to HF group. Finally, compared to patients with solid hematological tumors, HF group had lower levels of albumin, lower muscle strength, as well as lower mid-arm circumference.ConclusionWe found differences in anthropometric and laboratory features, related to weight loss, in patients with HF compared to control population that were expected. On the other hand, observed differences in HF group compared to patients with various tumors could imply different pathophysiological mechanisms of weight loss between those groups. Such data could serve as a cornerstone for studies with larger numbers of patients and deeper pathophysiological insight.

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“…Within these studies, the exact incidence of CC ranges between 13% and 36% (2), depending on the study and used definition. A new study from Mexico revealed that 14 out of 73 (19%) patients with systolic heart failure were cachectic (mean weight loss of 12.1 +/− 3.4%) with the above mentioned definition of a weight loss of 6% or more (3). In general, the incidence and prevalence of CHF rises due to increasing age of the population, greater awareness, and improved diagnostic techniques (4,5).…”

Section: Incidence and Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and immunologic derangements in cardiac cachexia: where to from here?

Strassburg¹,

Anker

2006

Heart Fail Rev

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The onset of cardiac cachexia is characterized by a defined severe weight loss in patients with advanced chronic heart failure and it predicts an increased mortality in these patients. Recent studies with potential therapeutics investigated the effects and efficiency of beta-blockers, ghrelin, or ghrelinagonists in cachexia. These and other new studies, like the influence of heart transplantation on cardiac cachexia, give prospect into potential therapeutic options in the future. General aim of the treatment strategy is to prevent the onset and retard the progress of cachexia. This could be achieved by modifying the metabolic, neurohormonal and immune system abnormalities, e.g. with beta-blockers and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. However, these alterations interact in a complex pathophysiological process, which is supposed to end in a vicious circle and thereby the wasting process is further promoted. To interrupt this, an early start of therapy is important to decelerate the development of cardiac cachexia. Many further investigations are needed to find out more about the pathophysiological pathways, to confirm the previous results, and to evaluate new therapeutics.

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Anthropometric variables and physical activity as predictors of cardiac cachexia

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Nonexercise movement in elderly compared with young people

Nonexercise movement in elderly compared with young people

Anthropometric and Laboratory Variables Related to Weight Loss—Comparison of Heart Failure Patients with Tumor Patients and Control Population

Metabolic and immunologic derangements in cardiac cachexia: where to from here?

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