Anthropomorphism as a conservation tool

Abstract

Anthropomorphism has the potential to aid conservation biologist conserve target species by developing empathy among the public, effectively promoting considerate practice. There is a stigma associated with anthropomorphism in research because it often precludes unbiased data and compromises fact based results. However, I propose that anthropomorphism can be a means to accomplish the goals of conservation and management. Developing public support has been notoriously difficult, but encouraging anthropomorphism (i.e., attributing human characteristics to nonhuman animals) could help conservation biologists develop more empathy toward target species. Highlighting research that promotes animals as being similar to humans could cause the public to exhibit more conservation considerate practices. Therefore, anthropomorphism should be encouraged when appropriate.

Anthropomorphized species as tools for conservation: utility beyond prosocial, intelligent and suffering species

“…Some authors have urged caution, taking the position that a broad application of anthropomorphization for conservation ends would be ''irresponsible'' (Chan 2012). By contrast, we believe that it would be irresponsible to limit the use of this tool to a small percentage of species and a handful of traits selected without reference to social science.…”

“…As Chan (2012) notes, a caring attitude directed at individuals rather than systems can act as a limitation to conservation. Chan (2012) cites a hypothetical example whereby anthropomorphizing one species heightens care for that species and leads to public support for the killing of a competitor or predator species.…”

“…Recently, the role of anthropomorphism as a useful tool for conservation outreach and environmental education has been gaining attention (Chan 2012;Tam et al 2013). However, we believe that most conservationists still underestimate the breadth of applicability of anthropomorphism to conservation, and are likely to be unaware of research from the social sciences making clear anthropomorphism's potential as a powerful but double-edged sword.…”

“…According to Chan (2012), to date the strongest argument can be made for the use of the following traits as the basis for empathetic anthropomorphism: being (1) prosocial, (2) intelligent, and (3) able to suffer. We agree that the perception of shared features can lead to the development of empathy (Mitchell 1997;Milton 2005;Lorimer 2007).…”

Selection and Implementation of a Flagship Fleet in a Locally Undervalued Region of High Endemicity

“…Through stories, animals and plants can also be presented as egomorphic, or having a self or personhood similar to oneself (Milton 2005). Anthropomorphism can lead to empathy for animal and plant life and an interest in natural history and biology (Mitchell 1997;Milton 2005;Lorimer 2007;Chan 2012). For example, people may be more interested in degus when told that the colony with its trails and lawns is like a miniature city with streets and gardens.…”