Anti-anaemic effect of ethanol leaf extract of Cnidosculus aconitifolius on cyclophosphomide-induced anaemia in rats

Abstract

BackgroundThe folkloric claim that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya) could ameliorate anaemia requires scientific revalidation in anaemic models.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the anti-anaemic effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia in rats.MethodsThe leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius were collected, dried and extracted with ethanol. Twenty five Wistar Albino rats weighing 120–180 kg were used. Anaemia was induced in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 with a single injection of cyclophosphamide, while group 1 served as a negative control without anemia and was treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline, Group 2 rats were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Group 3 rats were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Group 4 served as the positive control rats and was treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline. Group 5 which served as the standard control rats and were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of standard drug Chemiron. The treated lasted for two weeks during which blood samples were collected from each rat for haematological analysis.ResultsThe result shows that hematological parameters were elevated in groups 2, 3 and 5 rats treated with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and chemiron respectively.ConclusionsEthanol leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius at a graded dose of 500 mg/kg body weight had higher ameliorative effect on the haematological parameters of cyclophosphamide-induced anemia in rats.

Macrocytic anemia induced via oral administration of toxic dose of acetaminophen

“…The result suggested that toxic dose of acetaminophen could induce anemia, since 700 mg/kg of acetaminophen significantly decreased the Red blood cell counts, Hemoglobin concentration in the Wistar rats compared to control (P<0.05) (Figure 1 and 2). This is because reduction in red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration has been known to be a pointer to anemia [22].…”

Antianemic activity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Collana Negra variety and kanihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) Ramis variety seed flour in anemic rats

“…Atata et al . [ 38 ] reported a higher antianemic effect in anemic rats with a dose of 500 mg/Kg of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius , and the investigation by Tillan et al [ 27 ] showed a better antianemic effect with a diet composed of 15 mg/Kg of iron associated with 750 mg/Kg of Cassia grandis L.…”

“…As reported, iron is an essential mineral used in several enzymatic functions that participate in DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and other functions [ 33 , 42 ]. The body has an average iron content of 3–4 g, distributed in erythrocytes, liver, bone marrow, muscles and other tissues, and 75% is used to form part of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other enzymes, and 0.5 g of iron is deposited in the liver; but, excess iron is related to oxidative stress [ 38 , 42 ]. Thus, an adequate regulatory system for this mineral is necessary; because the absorption of iron is 1 to 2 mg per day, which varies depending on the body's needs, such as the activity of the bone marrow, hemoglobin concentration, and other activities of the organism [ 33 ].…”

Subchronic effects of bay leaves (syzygium polyanthum) extract on body weight, physical changes and mortality in female wistar rats with low iron diet

“…Anemia is a nutritional disorder, which remains a health problem in both developing and developed countries. It is reported that about 2 billion patients are affected globally, and causes threequarters of one million deaths per year in Africa and Southeast Asia (1). Anemia can be caused by many factors including blood loss, deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid, blood diseases, infectious diseases, and inflammation (2) but 50% is caused by iron deficiency (3).…”