Anti- and Pro-Lipase Activity of Selected Medicinal, Herbal and Aquatic Plants, and Structure Elucidation of an Anti-Lipase Compound

Abstract

Plants that help in slowing down the digestion of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the pancreas and small intestine of humans play an important role in the reduction of obesity. On the other hand, there may be plants or plant parts that stimulate intestinal lipolytic activity, thus contributing to greater TAG assimilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aqueous methanolic extracts of ninety eight (98) medicinal, herbal and aquatic plant materials from Malaysia for their effect on porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) activity and to identify the structure of an anti-lipase compound from one of the sources. The degree of inhibition was also quantified as relative to orlistat activity against PPL (orlistat equivalents). Results revealed that while 19.4% of the extracts were found to have antilipase activity ≥80%, 12% were actually found to promote PPL activity. Twenty two percent (22.4%) exhibited moderate inhibition (41%-80%) and 2% were neutral toward PPL activity. The ripe fruit of Averrhoa carambola and the leaves of Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C Nielsen L. (jering), Cynometra cauliflora (nam-nam) and Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd (candle nut/buah keras) had the highest (100%) anti-lipase activity and are equivalent to 0.11 µg orlistat/mL. Plants that stimulated lipase activity included Pimpinella anisum L. (aniseed/jintan manis), activating the enzyme by 186.5%. Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. cauliflora leaves and found to be an active lipase inhibitor. The structure was elucidated using 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and 2D-NMR analyses.

Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Fruits Modulated by Chemical Components

“…In the studies of Wojdyło et al [48], figs with a high content of sugars did not correlate with high anti-diabetic activity, but glycosylated derivatives of kaempferol, cyanidin, apigenin, polymeric procyanidins, and (−)-epicatechin correlated with the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and with the anti-oxidant effect (for the ORAC test). Ado et al [49] found that a potent lipase inhibitor was kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside isolated from C. cauliflora leaves. According to Stahl and Sies [50], carotenoids are effective anti-oxidants scavenging singlet molecular oxygen and peroxyl radicals.…”

Effects of Fruit Extracts on Pancreatic Lipase Activity in Lipid Emulsions

“…To the best of the authors' knowledge, the fruits studied in this paper have not been screened earlier for their anti-lipase activity in the lipid emulsion models. In addition, only two publications are available in literature reporting the fruit extract inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase in emulsion of triolein [12] or palm olein [13], and fatty acids released during the hydrolysis were quantified by turbidimetric or pH-stat assays, respectively. These studies were focused on fruits from Malaysia (starfruit, nam-nam, mas cotek, noni and tamarind) and from Iran (Assyrian plum, whortleberry, chebulic myrobalan and bittersweet).…”

“…Hence, the substrate for the water-soluble digestive lipases is usually lipid droplets embedded in an aqueous medium [11]. To our knowledge, only two publications report the fruit extracts' inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase in emulsified lipids, such as triolein emulsion [12] or emulsion of palm olein [13].…”

Investigation of the antiobesity and antioxidant properties of wild Plumbago europaea and Plumbago auriculata from North Palestine

“…Natural plant products containing polyphenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids were demonstrated to have potential health benefits for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, overweight, and obesity [41]. Several studies were conducted on natural products in order to assess their pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-lipase effects [42][43][44].…”