Anti‐biofilm properties of bioactive glasses embedding organic active compounds

Abstract

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising materials for bone repair due to their desirable properties such as osteoconductivity, biodegradability, angiogenic potential, and antibacterial activity. Ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses increase the medium pH inhibiting surrounding bacteria proliferation. The activity of BGs against biofilm formation has been enhanced by incorporating organic antibacterial compounds. The aim of this review was to summarize evidence in literature which assesses the efficacy of antibacterial and anti-biofilm compounds embedded in bioactive glasses to prevent peri-implant infection during bone healing. A PubMed bibliographical research was carried out including articles published in the last 20 years. Most previous studies evaluated antibacterial efficiency in planktonic cultures but did not investigate biofilm inhibition, underestimating biofilm clinical relevance. Multifactorial features such as biocompatibility of embedded compounds, receptor site characteristics, and drug delivery efficiency have been found to influence the bioactive glass capability of acting both as an anti-biofilm agent and as a bone repairing biomaterial. Accordingly, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to select the most promising anti-biofilm agents which should be incorporated into bioactive glasses to counteract biofilm proliferation, without inducing toxic effects on human cells, and with the added functionality of promoting bone regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 672-679, 2017.

Inhibition of multi‐species oral biofilm by bromide doped bioactive glass

“…The antibacterial effect revealed by BG has been attributed to the ion release capability in increasing the pH of the surrounding medium that can affect planktonic bacteria growth . Most of the studies report that the BG antibacterial effect against specific planktonic bacteria do not reflect realistic conditions of biofilm growth and pathogenicity at infected areas . Biofilm is a well‐organized microbial community embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix composed of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins and water, that adheres to different surfaces such as teeth, rehabilitation synthetic materials, bone, and soft tissues .…”

Two to six‐year disease resolution and marginal bone stability rates of a modified resective‐implantoplasty therapy in 32 peri‐implantitis cases

“…So even though,10.7% of the treated cases showed BOP in the follow-up evaluation, this positive parameter was not considered as presence of disease since it was not correlated with other inflammation and bone loss signs in the treated implants.Furthermore, various studies have claimed that one of the main etiological factors of PI is plaque accumulation 4,5,31,32. It has been reported that implantoplasty 20,33 will provide a less favorable surface for biofilm adhesion, since biofilm is attracted and also protected in rough surfaces 34,35. It has been reported that implantoplasty 20,33 will provide a less favorable surface for biofilm adhesion, since biofilm is attracted and also protected in rough surfaces 34,35.…”

Mesoporous bioactive glass embedding propolis and cranberry antibiofilm compounds

“…BGs have been modified over the years with the incorporation of diverse antibacterial and antibiofilm agents to counteract bone infection. Various studies have reported the incorporation of metal oxides, antibiotics and other organic agents into BGs; however, there is no consensus until present day concerning which antibiofilm agent is the most effective for bone infection treatment . Indeed BG of “S53P4” composition is commercially available as an effective agent to counteract osteomyelitis conditions .…”

“…developed the first bioactive glass (BG) of composition: 46.1 mol %, SiO 2 24.4 mol % Na 2 O, 26.9 mol % CaO, and 2.6 mol % P 2 O 5 (known as the 45S5 BG composition), with the purpose of generating a biomaterial that could bond to bone for orthopedic applications . After many years of intensive research in the field, BGs have been demonstrated to be outstanding biomaterials due to their desirable characteristics such as high bioactivity, osteogenic stimulation, angiogenic effect, ability to bond to soft tissues, high biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity induced by their ion release capability . It is well established that highly bioactive synthetic glasses bond to bone through the formation of a hydroxyl‐carbonate apatite (HCAp) layer, which mimics the mineral phase of bone; thus, resulting in a biological match between BGs and bone tissue .…”

“…Bacteria organized in a multispecies biofilm is 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics when compared with planktonic bacteria . Thus, BGs have been considered as favorable biomaterials to locally counteract grafted or implanted site infections due to their antibacterial effect accomplished by raising the pH of the medium, which affects planktonic bacterial growth . Only few studies have reported the effect of BGs on multispecies biofilm as found in the oral cavity .…”