Anti-corrosion behaviors of corn-based polyols on low carbon steel rebar

In situ quantitative topographic measurement and corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel in chloride solutions

“…Before the PDP test was performed, an E oc scan was first captured for 1200 s to achieve a stable potential in the system, and the average E oc is plotted in the inset of Figure 5. The cathodic site of the PDP scan, ranging between –1.10 and –0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl, exhibited hydrogen evolution and the oxygen reduction reaction [6], while the anodic site suggested the status of steel in active dissolution as typified by an acute increase in the current response (i corr ) at potentials above E oc [65]. As observed in Figure 5, the PDP curve of each sample, regardless of chloride content, followed a similar shape and form within the range of potential selected [14], although the steel sample was subjected to 5.0 wt-% NaCl exhibited the highest current density.…”

“…The chemical composition of the material as determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and its tensile strength is shown in Table 1. This is carried out by dissolving the sample in 10 mL of aqua regia (HCl/HNO 3 = 3) and 1 mL HF [6].…”

“…Likewise, the grain dissolution rate is higher in samples immersed in 5.0 wt-% NaCl solution compared to sample in 1.0 wt-% NaCl solution, and the outcome of this rate also conformed to the i res obtained (Figure 7). The propagation of grain structure dissolution in the presence of Cl − ions for film-bearing metals has been reported to occur via two mechanisms: (i) penetration of oxidation/passivation films [78,79] and (ii) the adsorption of Cl − ions into the sample surface [6,80,81]. It is hypothesised that the adsorption of Cl − ion into the localised grain structures promoted local dissolution by producing ionic point defects and regions of high current response [82].…”

“…Of particular interest is low carbon steel, which is extensively utilised as reinforcement to complement the low tensile and shear capacity in concrete structures, as a pipeline material for gas and water transportation and as structural steel components [1,4,5]. However, owing to the actual exposure of the metal to outdoor conditions in highly sensitive chloride environments, low carbon steels are susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Corrosionrelated damage incurs significant costs to civil infrastructure [12][13][14][15][16], with an estimated direct cost of $276 billion annually [12,17].…”

Surface Characterization Techniques: A Systematic Review of their Principles, Applications, and Perspectives in Corrosion Studies

“…The corrosion of metallic materials is a major durability problem affecting a wide range of industries and has since received great attention from infrastructure and transportation to production and manufacturing. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The estimated direct cost of corrosion is approximately 3.1% of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) annually. 8 Numerous studies have been conducted to provide insight into corrosion initiation and propagation of various metals, [9][10][11] but most of these studies are routinely investigated with classical macroscopic, or bulk, electrochemical techniques 12,13 or sometimes with ex situ high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy 14 to infer corrosion initiation kinetics.…”