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Mice are the most commonly used laboratory animals for studying diseases, behaviour, and pharmacology. Behavioural experiment battery aids in evaluating abnormal behaviour in mice. During behavioural experiments, mice frequently experience human contact. However, the effects of repeated handling on mice behaviour remains unclear. To minimise mice stress, methods of moving mice using transparent tunnels or cups have been recommended but are impractical in behavioural tests. To investigate these effects, we used a behavioural test battery to assess differences between mice accustomed to the experimenter's handling versus control mice. Repeatedly handled mice gained slightly more weight than control mice. In behavioural tests, repeatedly handled mice showed improved spatial cognition in the Y-maze test and reduced anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus-maze test. However, there was no change in anxiety-like behaviour in the light/dark transition test or open-field test. Grip strength, rotarod, sociability, tail suspension, Porsolt forced swim, and passive avoidance tests revealed no significant differences between repeatedly handled and control mice. Our findings demonstrated that mice repeatedly handled by the experimenter before behavioural tests showed reduced anxiety about high altitudes and improved spatial cognition, suggesting that repeated contact can affect the results of some behavioural tests.Mice have been the most widely used laboratory animals for disease, behaviour, and pharmacology studies over the past century 1 . To successfully transfer the results obtained in mice to human studies, it is necessary to determine appropriate treatment and handling methods for experimental mice since handling of normal mice may affect the obtained experimental results.Laboratory mice spend most of their lives in home cages before being used in experimental procedures. Environmental factors in the home cage play an important role in the health of these animals. The assessment of subjective animal welfare components relies primarily on physiological 2,3 and behavioural 4-6 measurements. Environmental conditions in animal facilities can affect the results of tests that measure natural behaviour in particular 7 . A factor often overlooked is how researchers handle animals. Lack of consideration for handling techniques can impede reproducibility and cast doubt on the relevance of otherwise valuable scientific research. Care and handling are integral parts of an animal's daily life 8,9 , and handling is the most common procedure experienced by laboratory mice because it is necessary for routine (e.g. cage cleaning and breeding) and research (e.g. injections and blood sampling) procedures. For practical reasons, animals are usually subjected to stress between periods of inactivity during the light cycle 10 . To improve the reproducibility of animal studies, we need to consider all stressors that may influence the experimental animals, and handling is one of them. Insufficient description of this process can cause exper...
Mice are the most commonly used laboratory animals for studying diseases, behaviour, and pharmacology. Behavioural experiment battery aids in evaluating abnormal behaviour in mice. During behavioural experiments, mice frequently experience human contact. However, the effects of repeated handling on mice behaviour remains unclear. To minimise mice stress, methods of moving mice using transparent tunnels or cups have been recommended but are impractical in behavioural tests. To investigate these effects, we used a behavioural test battery to assess differences between mice accustomed to the experimenter's handling versus control mice. Repeatedly handled mice gained slightly more weight than control mice. In behavioural tests, repeatedly handled mice showed improved spatial cognition in the Y-maze test and reduced anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus-maze test. However, there was no change in anxiety-like behaviour in the light/dark transition test or open-field test. Grip strength, rotarod, sociability, tail suspension, Porsolt forced swim, and passive avoidance tests revealed no significant differences between repeatedly handled and control mice. Our findings demonstrated that mice repeatedly handled by the experimenter before behavioural tests showed reduced anxiety about high altitudes and improved spatial cognition, suggesting that repeated contact can affect the results of some behavioural tests.Mice have been the most widely used laboratory animals for disease, behaviour, and pharmacology studies over the past century 1 . To successfully transfer the results obtained in mice to human studies, it is necessary to determine appropriate treatment and handling methods for experimental mice since handling of normal mice may affect the obtained experimental results.Laboratory mice spend most of their lives in home cages before being used in experimental procedures. Environmental factors in the home cage play an important role in the health of these animals. The assessment of subjective animal welfare components relies primarily on physiological 2,3 and behavioural 4-6 measurements. Environmental conditions in animal facilities can affect the results of tests that measure natural behaviour in particular 7 . A factor often overlooked is how researchers handle animals. Lack of consideration for handling techniques can impede reproducibility and cast doubt on the relevance of otherwise valuable scientific research. Care and handling are integral parts of an animal's daily life 8,9 , and handling is the most common procedure experienced by laboratory mice because it is necessary for routine (e.g. cage cleaning and breeding) and research (e.g. injections and blood sampling) procedures. For practical reasons, animals are usually subjected to stress between periods of inactivity during the light cycle 10 . To improve the reproducibility of animal studies, we need to consider all stressors that may influence the experimental animals, and handling is one of them. Insufficient description of this process can cause exper...
α-pinene is a well-known compound representative of the monoterpenes group with a wide range of pharmacological activities. This article aims to determine effects of the prenatal exposure to α-pinene on reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were allocated into four groups. Group 1 served as control and groups 2-4 were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected α-pinene (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) on 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 days of gestation (GD). The control group was injected with saline at the same days. Following delivery, 20 pups from each litter were selected and reflexive motor behaviours determined using ambulation, hindlimb foot angle, surface righting, hindlimb strength, grip strength, frontlimb suspension and negative geotaxis tests. Based on the findings of the present study, maternal exposure to α-pinene increased ambulation score, hindlimb suspension score, grip strength, front-limb suspension compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Also, prenatal exposure to α-pinene decreased surface righting, hind-limb foot angle and negative geotaxis in mice offspring compared with the control group (P < 0.05). α-pinene (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) decreased blood MDA and increased SOD and GPx levels in mice offspring (P < 0.05). These results suggested α-pinene exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring possibly due to its antioxidant properties.
Recent studies have reported conflicting findings on the antianxiety, antidepressant, and anti-stress properties of Rosa Damascena Mill (RDM). Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the effects of RDM for treating anxiety, depression, and stress amongst adults. The online data sources of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and Scientific Information Database were searched from inception to June 30, 2021. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which examined the effects of RDM (in any form of administration) on adults' anxiety, depression, and stress, were included. A random-effects model was applied to pool the data, and a total of 32 publications were included. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that administration of RDM significantly reduced state anxiety (effect size
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