Anti-diabetic activities of catalpol in db/db mice

Abstract

The objective was to investigate the hypoglycemic action of catalpol in spontaneous diabetes db/db mice. 40 db/db mice were randomly divided into fi ve groups: model control gourp; db/db plus catalpol 40, 80, 120 mg/kg body wt. groups and db/db plus metformin 250 mg/kg group. Age-matched db/m mice were selected as normal control group. The mice were administered with corresponding drugs or solvent by gavage for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out at the end of 3rd week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), insulin (INS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and adiponection (APN) in serum were detected. The protein expressions of phosphorylation-AMPKα1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-AMPKα1/2 and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were detected by western blot. Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Hydroxymethyl glutaric acid acyl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in liver. Our results showed that catalpol could significantly improve the insulin resistance, decrease the serum concentrations of INS, GSP, TG, and TC. The concentrations of APN in serum, the protein expression of phosphorylation-AMPKα1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-AMPKα1/2 and GLUT-4 in peripheral tissue were increased. Catalpol could also down regulate the mRNA expressions of ACC and HMGCR in liver. In conclusion, catalpol ameliorates diabetes in db/db mice. It has benefi t eff ects against lipid/glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of phosphorylation-AMPKα1/2.

Chemical fingerprint and bioactivity evaluation of Globularia orientalis L. and Globularia trichosantha Fisch. & C. A. Mey. using non‐targeted HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS approach

“…also demonstrated globularin which is the principal compound of G. alypum , at a dose 100 mg/kg showed a hypoglycaemic effect in normalglycaemic and hyperglycaemic rats. Several reports have revealed the anti‐diabetic effect of catalpol . The presence of globularin and catalpol or derivatives in G. orientalis and G. trichosantha may justify the inhibitory activity against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase.…”

“…revealed the anti-diabetic effect of catalpol. 38,[79][80][81] The presence of globularin and catalpol or derivatives in G. orientalis and G. trichosantha may justify the inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase.…”

Piperine regulates UCP1 through the AMPK pathway by generating intracellular lactate production in muscle cells

“…Metabolic disorders, obesity, and type 2 diabetes are major and increasingly important health disorders caused, at least in part, by modern lifestyles and habits12. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose and lipid metabolism are key components of type 2 diabetes pathophysiology3.…”

Catalpol attenuates oxidative stress and promotes autophagy in TNF-α-exposed HAECs by up-regulating AMPK

“…19,20 What's more, recent studies provided that catalpol could up-regulate the decreased AMPK phosphorylation in db/db mice and ameliorate high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue inammation by suppressing NF-kB. 12 Therefore, we presumed that catalpol could protect against endothelial dysfunction via an AMPK dependent way.…”

“…15,16 Catalpol, whose structure is shown in Fig. S1, † is an iridoid glucoside and has been found to be present in large quantities in the root of Romania glutinosa L. 12 As a traditional medicine, catalpol demonstrates a variety of biological activities including anticancer, neuro-protective, anti-inammatory, diuretic, hypoglycemic and anti-hepatitis virus effects. 17,18 Previous studies have also provided some clues that catalpol can affect energy metabolism through increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities and inhibiting free radical generation.…”