Anti-diabetic activity of crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced in Wistar rats

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the anti-diabetic effects of the crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide derived from G. lithophila on streptozotocin (StZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment with crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide showed increases in body weight and pancreatic insulin levels and a decrease in blood glucose levels compared with control diabetic rats. The blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased, and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) increased both in the crude polysaccharide-and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in the livers, kidneys and pancreases of crude polysaccharide-and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated rats. Immunohistological examination further confirmed that restoration of the normal cellular size of the islets of Langerhans and the rebirth of β-cells were found to be greater in the body region than in the head and tail regions of the pancreas. the crude polysaccharide-and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated diabetic rats showed normal blood glucose levels and insulin production, and reversed cholesterol levels and enzymatic actions. Therefore, rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila acts as a potent anti-diabetic agent to treat diabetes and can lead to the development of an alternative medicine for diabetes in the future. Diabetes and other associated diseases are major health problems in modern society. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes comprise abnormalities of insulin action, which includes insulin insensitivity and resistance 1. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of heterogeneous, hormonal and metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia and glucosuria, with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both 2. Diabetes mellitus is associated with long-term complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and angiopathy. Furthermore, DM is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, namely, ischaemic heart disease, cerebral stroke and peripheral artery disease, leading to increased mortality of patients with diabetes 3. In recent times, the most challenging diseases faced by health care professionals are diabetes and other associated disorders. Their increasing prevalence adds a large burden to society and the public health sector 4. Globally, approximately 171 million people have been affected by diabetes since 2000 5. The estimated incidence of DM for

Fustin ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin induced type-2 diabetes via modulating glutathione/Superoxide dismutase/Catalase expressions, suppress lipid peroxidation and regulates histopathological changes

“…Several medicinal plant extracts have been shown to activate insulin-producing β-cells in the body. Potentially increasing the release of insulin from β-cells, or regenerating β-cells are the mechanisms through which they exert their anti-hyperglycaemic effects Many other plants may also have anti-hyperglycaemic activity with a stimulatory effect on insulin production as a result of these circumstances ( Seedevi et al, 2020 ). The protective effect of fustin on cells of the islets of Langerhans is also confirmed by histopathology of pancreatic cells The STZ-induced diabetic rats had severe necrosis and mild shrinkage of their islets.…”

Biological activities of Pleurotus spp. polysaccharides: A review

“…Since 2010 about 285 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes. This study shows that in the coming future by 2030, 366 million people will suffer from diabetes worldwide (Seedevi et al., 2020). Chronic hyperglycemia and lack of insulin (glycosuria) are characterized as diabetes mellitus (DM) (Watanabe et al., 2010).…”

In vivo and in vitro Antidiabetic Characterization of Nymphaea alba leaves

“…For the next 12 days, animals were kept under observation with proper feed and water and on the 12th day, animals were screened for blood glucose. [39,40] Animals were believed to have diabetes, if blood glucose levels were found to be 200 mg/dL or higher, and incorporated into the study.…”