Strong, tough, and antibacterial hydrogels are promising
in the
fields of human motion detection and wearable electronics. However,
it remains challenging to reach the antibacterial ability without
losing the mechanical properties. In this work, strong and tough Fe3+-sodium alginate/poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic
acid)/Ag nanowire (Fe3+-SA/P(Am-co-Ac)/AgNWs)
hydrogel with antibacterial ability was facially prepared using multiple
physical bonds. The superior mechanical properties are ensured by
the double network matrix and well-designed interface between the
matrix and AgNWs. The antibacterial ability was realized by the introduction
of AgNWs. The matrix contains the Fe3+-SA network and the
Fe3+-P(Am-co-Ac) network, which are further
united together via the shared Fe3+ based ionic interaction.
The interfacial defects between AgNWs and the organic matrix were
efficiently eliminated by the incorporation of bis (acryloyl)cystamine
(BACA) as “bridge” molecules: the CC bond on
BACA was grafted onto the main chain of P(Am-co-Ac)
by free radical polymerization, and the S–S bond on BACA was
anchored onto the surface of AgNWs through the Ag–S metal ligand
effect. Benefiting from the multiple physical bonds and well-designed
interface, the as-prepared hydrogel exhibited a stretching strength
of 3.87 MPa, an elongation at break of 3127%, and a fracture energy
of 112.32 MJ m–3. The bacteriostatic ratio of the
as-prepared hydrogel against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria was as high as 99.98% and 99.95%. Moreover,
the hydrogel displayed a conductivity and strain sensitivity (GF)
of 0.01 and 0.59, a broad working range of 0–500%, and 500
cycles of loading–unloading under a strain of 40%, enabling
the hydrogel to be sensitive on a large scale and with subtle body
movements and making hydrogel the perfect strain sensor to monitor
various human motions.