Anti‐GAD<sub>65</sub> autoantibody in Taiwanese patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: effect of HLA on anti‐GAD<sub>65</sub> positivity and clinical characteristics

Chuang, Lee‐Ming; Lin, Ching‐Yi; Wu, Huey-Peir; Tsai, Wen–Yu; Tai, Tong-Yuan; Lin, Boniface J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.2851090.x

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Interestingly, studies that consider <2 or <5 years of disease in the recent diagnosis category have demonstrated a relatively lower prevalence of the antibody in these groups (54.9-56%), closer to our results (25,26). Nevertheless, not all investigators have shown remarkable differences between individuals with recent and long-standing disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Even though the drop of prevalence in the first year of the disease is a possible explanation, most previous studies have reported a higher frequency of GADA in patients with T1D with a shorter duration of the disease regardless of whether this category comprised only individuals diagnosed for less than 1 year (5,12) or included patients with the duration of disease up to five years (25,26). Interestingly, studies that consider <2 or <5 years of disease in the recent diagnosis category have demonstrated a relatively lower prevalence of the antibody in these groups (54.9-56%), closer to our results (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Relationship between the prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients

Rodacki¹,

Zajdenverg

Albernaz

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The objective of the present study was to determine whether the duration of disease has any influence on the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) in Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and variable disease duration. We evaluated 83 patients with T1D. All participants were interviewed and blood was obtained for GADA measurement by a commercial radioimmunoassay (RSR Limited, Cardiff, UK). Four groups of patients were established according to disease duration: A) 1-5 years of disease (N = 24), B) 6-10 years of disease (N = 19), C) 11-15 years of disease (N = 25), and D) >15 years of disease (N = 15). GADA prevalence and its titers were determined in each group. GADA was positive in 38 patients (45.8%) and its frequency did not differ between the groups. The prevalence was 11/24 (45.8%), 8/19 (42.1%), 13/25 (52%), and 6/15 (40%) in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively (P = 0.874). Mean GADA titer was 12.54 ± 11.33 U/ml for the sample as a whole and 11. 95 ± 11.8, 12.85 ± 12.07, 10.57 ± 8.35, and 17.45 ± 16.1 U/ml for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively (P = 0.686). Sex, age at diagnosis or ethnic background had no significant effect on GADA (+) frequency. In conclusion, in this transversal study, duration of disease did not affect significantly the prevalence of GADA or its titers in patients with T1D after one year of diagnosis. This was the first study to report this finding in the Brazilian population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship between the prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients

Rodacki¹,

Zajdenverg

Albernaz

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The presence of anti-GAD antibodies was tested in 217 samples from the type 1 diabetic patients with an immunoprecipitation method (21). Briefly, in vitro transcription of a plasmid DNA containing human GAD 65 sequences (provided by Dr Dyrberg at Novo Nordisk A/S Industry, Denmark) and translation with [ 35 S]meth-ionine labeling was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions (TNT TM T7 Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate System, Promega, Madison, WI, USA).…”

Section: Antibodies To Glutamate Decarboxylase (Anti-gad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase in patients with type 1 diabetes in Taiwan

Chang

Huang²,

Chuang³

1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). Genetic susceptibility to autoantibody formation in association with ATD and type 1 diabetes mellitus has been described with varying frequencies, but there is still debate about the situation in the Chinese population. We have, therefore, investigated the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) in type 1 diabetic patients, and compared the effect of anti-glutamate decarboxylase (anti-GAD) on the thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and forty-three subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and seventy unrelated normal controls were recruited for the detection of anti-TPO. Two hundred and seventeen sera from two hundred and forty-three type 1 diabetic patients were tested for anti-GAD. RIA and immunoprecipitation were used for anti-TPO and anti-GAD detection respectively. Results: The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation of anti-TPO detected by the RIA method ranged from 5.5% to 11.1%. Among 243 type 1 diabetic patients, 53 (21.8%) were positive for anti-TPO. Compared with those without thyroid autoimmunity, there was a female preponderance for the type 1 diabetic patients with thyroid autoimmunity (female:male, 99:91 vs 37:16 respectively). Among the type 1 diabetic patients with thyroid autoimmunity, anti-TPO tended to occur in those of older age or with long-standing disease. The frequency of anti-GAD was 45.6% (99 of 217), without gender preponderance (males:females, 18.0% vs 27.6%). Compared with those with negative anti-GAD, no significant difference of anti-TPO positivity for the type 1 diabetic patients with positive anti-GAD was found. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the RIA method for anti-TPO detection is sensitive and precise for routine clinical use. The presence of anti-TPO in 21.8% of our type 1 diabetic patients confirmed the strong association of ATD and type 1 diabetes mellitus without ethnic differences. The absence of correlation between anti-TPO and anti-GAD in our type 1 diabetic patients suggested genetic heterogeneity in the role of autoimmunity of type 1 diabetes mellitus and ATD among races.

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“…reported GAD65 more frequent in females than males. 30,33,35 Concerning the association between GAD65Ab and HLA alleles, this study showed a link between presence of GAD65Ab and HLA-DR3, HLA-DQA1*05:01. This relation with HLA-DR3 sustained the observations of Serjeant son and coworkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Our results, although no consistent with some studies, support the viewpoint that the GAD65Ab, declines slowly and persists in the blood for years. [30][31][32][33][34] Study results showed also no link between GAD65 prevalence and gender. These results were like those of Chuang and co-workers and Chan and co-workers whereas Thai and al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAD65 antibody prevalence and association with c-peptide, HLA class II alleles in Beninese patients with type 1 diabetes

et al. 2017

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Background: Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and particularly their isoforms in 65 kDa are one of markers for the diagnosis of the type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of GAD65 antibodies (GAD65Ab) and investigate the association of GAD65Ab with C-peptide values, HLA Class II alleles genotyping. The diagnosis of T1D was set up according to American Diabetes Association criteria.Methods: Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the GAD65Ab and C-peptide values. Class II HLA genotyping was performed in 51 patients with T1D and 51 healthy unrelated as control by using the PCR-SSP method. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were calculated by standard formula.Results: Result revealed that GAD65Ab were present in 74.5% (38/51) of the patients with T1D. There was no significant difference between the positivity or the negativity of GAD65Ab and gender, onset and duration of diabetes, frequencies of HLA-DR4, HLA-DR3-DR4, HLA-DQB1*0201. However, GAD65Ab values are linked to C-peptide concentration (χ2 =15.73, P=0.0001), the presence of HLA-DR3 (χ2 =9.75, P= 0.002), HLA-DQA1*0501 (χ2 =4.09, P= 0.043) alleles. The GAD65Ab test sensitivity and specificity were 74.5% and 94.1%, respectively. The C-peptide test showed a sensitivity around 82.4 % and 86.3 % for the specificity.Conclusions: GAD65Ab showed to be a valuable early predictive marker and is associated with the risk to develop of T1D.

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Anti‐GAD₆₅ autoantibody in Taiwanese patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: effect of HLA on anti‐GAD₆₅ positivity and clinical characteristics

Abstract: Prevalence of GAD65 autoantibody among Taiwanese subjects with IDDM was negatively correlated with duration of disease. Different determinants in the HLA-DR locus contributed to the clinical onset of IDDM but not to GAD autoimmunity.

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Relationship between the prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients

Relationship between the prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients

Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase in patients with type 1 diabetes in Taiwan

GAD65 antibody prevalence and association with c-peptide, HLA class II alleles in Beninese patients with type 1 diabetes

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Anti‐GAD65 autoantibody in Taiwanese patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: effect of HLA on anti‐GAD65 positivity and clinical characteristics

Abstract: Prevalence of GAD65 autoantibody among Taiwanese subjects with IDDM was negatively correlated with duration of disease. Different determinants in the HLA-DR locus contributed to the clinical onset of IDDM but not to GAD autoimmunity.

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Relationship between the prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients

Relationship between the prevalence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies and duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients

Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase in patients with type 1 diabetes in Taiwan

GAD65 antibody prevalence and association with c-peptide, HLA class II alleles in Beninese patients with type 1 diabetes

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Product

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Anti‐GAD₆₅ autoantibody in Taiwanese patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: effect of HLA on anti‐GAD₆₅ positivity and clinical characteristics