Anti-giardial activity of gastrointestinal remedies of the Luo of East Africa

Johns, Timothy; Faubert, G M; Kokwaro, J.O.; Mahunnah, R.L.A.; Kimanani, Ebi K.

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01224-2

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In an ethnobotanical survey of the anti-Giardia gastrointestinal remedies employed by the Luo tribes of East Africa, methanolic extracts of 21 of the 36 taxa studied were lethal to or inhibited the growth of G. lamblia in vitro (124). Geranium nivem extracts have also shown in vitro activity (45).…”

Section: Classes Of Agents and Clinical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Giardiasis

2001

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Giardia lamblia is both the most common intestinal parasite in the United States and a frequent cause of diarrheal illness throughout the world. In spite of its recognition as an important human pathogen, there have been relatively few agents used in therapy. This paper discusses each class of drugs used in treatment, along with their mechanism of action, in vitro and clinical efficacy, and side effects and contraindications. Recommendations are made for the preferred treatment in different clinical situations. The greatest clinical experience is with the nitroimidazole drugs, i.e., metronidazole, tinidazole, and ornidazole, which are highly effective. A 5- to 7-day course of metronidazole can be expected to cure over 90% of individuals, and a single dose of tinidazole or ornidazole will cure a similar number. Quinacrine, which is no longer produced in the United States, has excellent efficacy but may be poorly tolerated, especially in children. Furazolidone is an effective alternative but must be administered four times a day for 7 to 10 days. Paromomycin may be used during early pregnancy, because it is not systematically absorbed, but it is not always effective. Patients who have resistant infection can usually be cured by a prolonged course of treatment with a combination of a nitroimidazole with quinacrine

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Section: Classes Of Agents and Clinical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Giardiasis

2001

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“…However, clinical failures, occurrence of resistant strains, and side effects of anti-Giardia drugs (21,26,30,44) have encouraged research on alternative therapeutic strategies which have included the use of plant extracts and products derived from bees (12,21,25). However, since probiotic microorganisms provide health benefits to the host by antagonizing pathogens and modulating both innate and acquired immunity at local and systemic levels (13,23,24,33,40), we wondered if such organisms could also be used in the treatment of parasitic infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus johnsoniiLa1 AntagonizesGiardia intestinalisIn Vivo

et al. 2005

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This study describes the in vivo activity of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC533) in Giardia intestinalisinfected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Daily administration of lactobacilli in the drinking water from 7 days before inoculation with Giardia trophozoites efficiently prevented G. intestinalis strain WB clone C6 from infecting gerbils. More specifically, shedding of fecal Giardia antigens (GSA65 protein) was diminished in the La1-treated group, and resolution of infection was observed by 21 days postinoculation. Histology and analysis of enzymatic markers of microvillus membrane integrity revealed that probiotic administration also protected against parasite-induced mucosal damage. In addition, a cellular response to Giardia antigens was stimulated in spleen cells from La1-treated gerbils. Results show for the first time the antigiardial effect of probiotic lactobacilli in vivo and provide further insight into the antagonistic properties of lactic acid bacteria against protozoa involved in intestinal infections.

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“…More specifically, Johns et al studied the anti-giardial activity of traditional medicines against gastrointestinal ailments in East Africa, and concluded that there was no correlation between biological activity and the log linear model proposed by the group in 1990 (Johns et al, 1990(Johns et al, , 1995. Despite these results, similar models continue to be used (Ali-Shtayeh et al, 2000;Schlage et al, 2000;Tabuti et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It has been claimed that a closer connection between anthropological and biochemical research would greatly improve the field of ethnopharmacology (Etkin, 2001;Farnsworth, 1994), and while there are research groups that cover both aspects of the ethnopharmacological research process (Ankli et al, 1999(Ankli et al, , 2002Heinrich et al, 1998), few studies have confronted the issue of the validity of utilizing these models to assign pharmaceutical potential (Johns et al, 1990(Johns et al, , 1995Trotter and Logan, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%