Anti-HIV microRNA expression in a novel Indian cohort

Abstract

HIV-1 replication inside host cells is known to be regulated by various host factors. Host miRNAs, by virtue of its normal functioning, also regulate HIV-1 RNA expression by either directly targeting virus mRNAs or indirectly by regulating host proteins that HIV-1 uses for own replication. Therefore, it is highly possible that with differential miRNA expression, rate of disease progression will vary in HIV-1 infected individuals. In this study we have compared expression of a panel of 13 reported anti-HIV miRNAs in human PBMCs from long term non progressors (LTNPs), regular progressors and rapid progressors. We found that LTNPs have substantial lower expression of miR-382-5p that positively correlates with viral loads. Combinatorial regulation is highly probable in dictating differential disease progression as average expression of miR-382-5p and miR-155-5p can substantially distinguish LTNP individuals from regular progressors.

Insight in miRNome of Long-Term Non-Progressors and Elite Controllers Exposes Potential RNAi Role in Restraining HIV-1 Infection

“…Another interesting deregulated miRNA is miR-155-5p. This miRNA was downregulated in LTNP compared to rapid and typical progressors and is proposed as a critical setting for long-term non-progression [83]. In fact, Witwer et al [63] described a lower amount of miR-155 in PBMCs from healthy donors compared to viremic HIV-infected patients and miR-155 levels from elite controllers in our study are similar to those of healthy donors.…”

miR‐382‐5p promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication by negatively regulating the induction of type I interferon

“…To date, only one article has reported the relationship between miR‐382‐5p and virus replication, that is, the expression of miR‐382 has positively correlated with the viral load of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV) among long term non‐progressors (LTNPs) . To our knowledge, our study suggested for the first time that miR‐382‐5p could promote the replication of PRRSV.…”

Potential Application of MicroRNA Profiling to the Diagnosis and Prognosis of HIV-1 Infection

“…This observation suggested that specific miRNAs are potential biomarkers for differentiating the stages of progression of HIV-1 infection (Houzet et al, 2008). Dey et al (2016) compared the expression of miRNAs in PBMCs between long-term non-progressors (LTNP), slow progressors, and rapid progressors. Levels of miR-382-5p were lower in LTNP and displayed a positive linear correlation with plasma viral load.…”

“…A combination of miR-382-5p and miR-155-5p can be used to distinguish between LTNP and chronic progressors, and between infected and non-infected individuals. Decreases in the levels of miR-382-5p and miR-155-5p are beneficial for the control of disease progression (Dey et al, 2016).…”

“…On the basis of CD4 + T-cell counts, viral load and whether ART has been administered, HIV-1-infected patients can be divided into typical progressors, rapid progressors, slow progressors, LTNP and HIV-infected individuals in the early stages of antiretroviral treatment (Li et al, 2010). Some miRNAs are differentially expressed in these different groups, and theirabnormal expression can serve as a biomarker of the disease progression and provide important information about prognosis (Dey et al, 2016).…”