Anti-IgG-anchored liquid crystal microdroplets for label free detection of IgG

Abstract

AIgG anchored LC microdroplets showing configurational transition from radial (a) to bipolar (b) upon interaction with IgG.

Development in liquid crystal microcapsules: fabrication, optimization and applications

“…Please do not adjust margins composition of the LC-Ms sensors, the detection of temperature, protein, nucleic acid, heavy metal ions, bile acids, glucose and other common molecules have been successfully achieved. [110][111] Shown in Table 1 is the summary of the state-of-the-art works about the LC-Ms sensors.…”

“…For example, the optical response of stearic-acid-doped 5CB microcapsules is utilized for realtime and label-free detection of heavy metal ions, where anti-IgGanchored LC-Ms have been realized to detect IgG, and a 5CB droplet platform based on alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis of sodium monododecyl phosphate is established to achieve sensitive identification of organophosphate pesticide (Figure 3c-3d). [110,111,116] The director configurations of LCs in those LC-Ms sensors are essentially largely dictated by the surface anchoring and the elastic energy between the LC molecules. As a consequence, the detection property can be easily optimized by adjusting the size of the LC-Ms, the concentration of the anchored surfactant, and the structure of the surfactant/LC, making the system extendable and flexible.…”

“…c) the combination of lgG antigen changes the configuration of liquid crystals from radial to bipolar, which can be used for the detection of IgG. [110] Reproduced with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry. d) the combination of pesticide and alkaline phosphatase lead to the reorientation of liquid crystals, which can be used for fabricating pesticide sensors.…”

Design and application of stimulus-responsive droplets and bubbles stabilized by phospholipid monolayers

“…The radial-to-bipolar transition and vice-versa has been increasingly employed of late as a platform for sensing of various biomolecules predominantly by block copolymer coated LC droplets. While outside the specific scope of this work, it is worthwhile to mention that polymer-stabilized droplets have been successful int detecting molecules like urea [24], cholesterol [25], glucose [26], IgG [27], among others. Phospholipid monolayers, however, have presented an opportunity for increasing LC emulsion stability [10,13].…”

Applications of Microfluidics in Liquid Crystal-Based Biosensors

“…Compared with traditional biosensing platforms, which usually require complex instruments or fluorophores as reporters, the LC-based sensing platforms provide a simple, rapid, label-free, and cost-effective option for biosensing applications [4,9]. Various LC-based interfaces, such as LC-solid interface, LC-aqueous planar interface, and LC droplet-aqueous interface, have been developed for the detection of biological and chemical species, such as organophosphorus species [10][11][12], endotoxins [13][14][15], cells [16,17], metal ions [18][19][20], protein [21][22][23], nucleic acids [24][25][26], glucose [27][28][29], and bile acids [30][31][32][33]. The ordering of LCs is dictated by the modulation between the elastic energy stored in bulk LCs and the surface anchoring energy of LCs [6].…”