Anti-Infective and Toxicity Properties of Carbon Based Materials: Graphene and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Recently, antimicrobial activities of various carbon-based nanomaterials against specific pathogens have become one of the most significant research interests in this field. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising multidisciplinary nanostructures in biomedicine, drug delivery, genetic engineering, biosensors, and artificial implants. However, the biomedical administration of CNTs is dependent on their solubility, toxicity, and biocompatibility, as well as novel drug-delivery applications through optimization of the drug’s loading capacity, cellular absorption, and continuous release within the target cell. The usage of CNTs and Graphene materials as antimicrobial agents and nanocarriers for antibiotics delivery would possibly improve their bioavailability and facilitate better anti-infective therapy. However, it is worth mentioning that CNTs’ antimicrobial activity and toxicity are highly dependent on their preparation and synthesis method. Various types of research have confirmed that diameter, length, residual catalyst, metal content, surface coating, electronic structure, and dispersibility would affect CNTs’ toxicity toward bacteria and human cells. In this review article, a general study was performed on the antimicrobial properties of carbon-based nanomaterials, as well as their toxicity and applications in confronting different microorganisms. This study could be useful for researchers who are looking for new and effective drug delivery methods in the field of microbial resistance.

Carbon-Based Nanostructures as Emerging Materials for Gene Delivery Applications

“…In this review, we focus on three important nanostructures including CNTs, CQDs, and NDs. Other similar carbon-based nanostructures such as graphene oxides (GO), its reduced form (rGO), and fullerenes have shown promising results as efficient and safe genetic material delivery systems [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In each part, we explain the structure and properties of the nanostructure and then, introduce their synthesis methods.…”

Virus adsorbent systems based on Amazon holocellulose and nanomaterials

“…Similarly, the use of silver-loaded AC nanocomposites has demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity, presenting itself as a promising antibacterial agent (Devi et al, 2019). However, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials, including AC, are influenced by various factors, requiring careful consideration in their application, as discussed by Hadidi and Mohebbi (2022).…”

Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots

“…The toxicology of carbon nanomaterials was studied for carbon nanotubes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], graphene [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], fullerenes [29][30][31][32][33], and dots [34][35][36][37][38]. Most of the work deals with microorganisms, animals, and humans.…”