Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofCinnamomum cassiaConstituentsIn VitroandIn Vivo

Abstract

We have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia constituents (cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, and coumarin) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) and carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with cinnamic aldehyde together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels productions were detected. Western blotting revealed that cinnamic aldehyde blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB), and IκBα, significantly. In the anti-inflammatory test, cinnamic aldehyde decreased the paw edema after Carr administration, and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the paw tissue. We also demonstrated cinnamic aldehyde attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the edema paw after Carr injection. Cinnamic aldehyde decreased the NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels on the serum level after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that cinnamic aldehyde decreased Carr-induced iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions in the edema paw. These findings demonstrated that cinnamic aldehyde has excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus has great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.

Cinnamic aldehyde suppresses hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression during tumor progression

“…In addition, we found that CA treatment suppresses tumor growth in mice and vessel formation in tumors. CA reduced HIF-1a and VEGF expression in cancer cells, and it has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions [19][20][21][51][52][53]. These collective findings suggest that CA could be an effective cancer therapeutic agent through its orchestrated actions on apoptosis and angiogenesis in cancer and vascular endothelial cells.…”

Protective effects of the active fraction from the tuber of Scirpus yagara in mouse endotoxin shock model

“…The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can provoke deleterious consequences such as septic shock and inflammatory disease (Liao et al, 2012). AF treatment markedly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 production.…”

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity ofNigella sativain clinically endometritic cows

“…Recently, it has been shown that faulty cellular antioxidant systems cause organisms to develop a series of inflammatory diseases (Liao et al 2012). It was previously reported that plasma MDA concentration was found to be increased in the cows with puerperal metritis compared to the control group, while decreases of GSH-Px and CAT activities were observed (Kizil et al 2010).…”