Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Piquerol Isolated from Piqueria trinervia Cav.

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a complex process as a response to several stimuli, such as infection, a chemical irritant, and the attack of a foreign body. Piquerol was isolated from Piqueria trinervia, and its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro models. Methods: Piquerol is a monoterpene that was identified using NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vivo in ear edema induced with TPA in mice. Piquerol was also tested on J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the levels of NO, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA. Results: The results show that piquerol diminished ear edema (66.19%). At 150.51 µM, it also inhibited the levels of NO (31.7%), TNF-α (49.8%), IL-1β (69.9%), IL-6 (47.5%), and NF-κB (26.7%), and increased the production of IL-10 (62.3%). Piquerol has a membrane stabilization property in erythrocyte, and at 100 µg/mL, the membrane protection was of 86.17%. Conclusions: Piquerol has anti-inflammatory activity, and its possible mechanism of action is through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. This compound could be a candidate in the development of new drugs to treat inflammatory problems.

7-ketocholesterol enhances BACE1-amyloid precursor protein cleavage and amyloidogenic peptide generation targeted by natural molecules

“…[69] especially, monoterpenes from essential oils such as, terpinene-4-ol, eucalyptol exhibited their antiin ammatory activity of human RBC stabilization [70,71,72].…”

Special Issue “Ethnopharmacology in Latin America”

“…Five of the eleven works published in this Special Issue focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of a pharmaceutical formulation (a vaginal gel) [ 10 ] and nanoemulsions containing plant extracts [ 8 , 11 , 13 ] and their active compounds [ 14 ]. All these formulations, plant extracts, and compounds increased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide.…”

“…All these formulations, plant extracts, and compounds increased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide. Most studies used in vivo models [ 9 , 10 , 12 ] and two studies assessed the pharmacological actions using in vitro models [ 11 , 14 ]. Preventing chronic inflammation is a key pharmacological avenue for avoiding the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders [ 15 ].…”

“…In some studies [ 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 ], the extraction of medicinal plants was carried out through the use of solvents, like ethanol and water, used in traditional medicine, whereas other studies used organic solvents like acetone and dichloromethane [ 10 , 14 ]. This type of decision affects the type of compounds that can be obtained and identified.…”

“…Medicinal plants were chemically standardized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [ 8 , 9 ] and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [ 8 , 12 , 13 ]. The reported secondary metabolites were phytosterols and flavonols [ 8 ], fatty acid [ 9 ], flavonoid glycosides [ 12 , 13 ], caffeic acid derivates [ 12 ], and terpenes [ 14 ]. Two active compounds obtained from medicinal plants were evaluated: piquerol, obtained from Piqueria trinervia [ 14 ], and myristic acid, obtained from Ceiba aesculifolia [ 9 ], indicating the need to perform pharmacological studies on the active compounds from medicinal plants.…”