Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Liposoluble C60 at the Cellular, Molecular, and Whole-Animal Levels

Abstract

Introduction Liposoluble carbon-60 (C60) has potential applications in many fields, including cosmetics, medical devices, and medicine, but its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. This study explored whether liposoluble C60 could be delivered to human organs, tissues, and cells through blood, extracellular fluid, and cell culture fluid and whether it exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at the molecular, cellular, and whole-animal levels. Methods At the cellular level, we mixed C60 dissolved in grape seed oil with cell culture medium containing 10% serum and investigated its effects on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release, migration, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and apoptosis in freshly isolated human neutrophils. At the molecular level, we mixed a trace amount of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil with aqueous and ethanolic solutions and studied its antioxidant effect. At the animal level, we investigated the inhibitory effect of C60 on the serum inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in beagle dogs after oral administration of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil. Results The results showed that the trace amount of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil significantly inhibited TNF-α release, cell migration, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst in freshly isolated human neutrophils. In addition, the trace amount of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil had a significant scavenging effect on superoxide free radicals and 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radicals. Oral administration of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil markedly reduced the level of the serum inflammatory marker CRP in beagle dogs. Conclusion In summary, a trace amount of hydrophobic C60 in hydrophilic media effectively produced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in cells and animals. C60 dissolved in grape seed oil is a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug candidate.

Carboxyfullerene C60 preserves sperm by enhancing antioxidant capacity and inhibiting apoptosis and harmful bacteria

“…ROS accumulation is considered as the principal cause of sperm motility decline during semen preservation [49]. In this regard, CF-C 60 has been shown to act as a powerful antioxidant that exerts important protective effects in cells [50][51][52]. For example, it has been reported that CF-C 60 protected the gut from the toxic effects of deoxyniurenol by reducing ROS levels and that it signi cantly improved growth performance and immune function in mice [53].…”

Water-Soluble Fullerene C60 Derivatives Are Effective Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Replication

“…According to biological studies, fullerene derivatives may have the following types of activity: antioxidant [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], anti-inflammatory [ 11 ], antibacterial [ 12 ], anticancer [ 10 , 13 ], antiviral [ 10 , 14 ], and others. When searching for drugs, by changing the structure of fullerene derivatives, it is possible to provide an accurate “tuning” of their structures for: obtaining a medicinal substance with a certain biological effect; or for creating means for delivering a medicinal product to the site of exposure without side effects in other tissues or organs.…”

"Bioactivities and Animal Clinical Studies of Fat-Soluble Carbon-60: A Minireview"

“…Investigating the transmission pathways of fat-soluble C-60 in aqueous solutions or human bodily fluids constitutes an intriguing research avenue [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Our previous study elucidated that fat-soluble C-60 oil disperses in aqueous solutions, producing a potent antioxidant effect [5]. Fat-soluble C-60 oil exerts a more robust antioxidant effect compared to vitamin C in aqueous environments [5].…”

“…Our previous study elucidated that fat-soluble C-60 oil disperses in aqueous solutions, producing a potent antioxidant effect [5]. Fat-soluble C-60 oil exerts a more robust antioxidant effect compared to vitamin C in aqueous environments [5]. Similarly, even a small volume of fat-soluble C-60 oil effectively inhibits the proinflammatory effects of human neutrophils in cell culture media [5].…”

“…Fat-soluble C-60 oil exerts a more robust antioxidant effect compared to vitamin C in aqueous environments [5]. Similarly, even a small volume of fat-soluble C-60 oil effectively inhibits the proinflammatory effects of human neutrophils in cell culture media [5]. Conversely, fat-soluble vitamin E to produce antioxidant effects in aqueous solutions.…”