Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts

Abstract

Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.

The Benefits of Anthocyanins against Obesity-Induced Inflammation

“…Likewise, treatment with black soybean extract decreased TNF-α production, but increased adiponectin secretion and insulin sensitivity, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [51]. In another study, sweet cherry phenolic-rich extract significantly reduced NO levels and decreased COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-induced adipose stem cells [52].…”

“…Table 2. Effects of anthocyanins on obesity-associated inflammation [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Cherries and Blueberries-Based Beverages: Functional Foods with Antidiabetic and Immune Booster Properties

“…Recently, it was demonstrated that phenolic-targeted fractions of sweet cherry possess anti-inflammatory activity against RAW macrophages and AGS cells, capturing nitric oxide (NO), and decreasing NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2-expression (COX-2) [ 180 ]. Similar results have already been obtained by Seeram et al [ 181 ] when evaluating the effects of cyanidin alone and with other anthocyanins reported in cherries.…”

Employ of Anthocyanins in nanocarriers for Nano Delivery: <em>I</em><em>n Vitro</em> and <em>I</em><em>n Vivo</em> Experimental Approaches for Chronic Diseases

“…They are considered to be the main contributors to blue-violet and red colours of many fruits, flowers and vegetables [9]. In addition, there is a great demand and many potential applications, because they show remarkable effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents both in vitro and in vivo, provide neurological and cardiovascular protection, improve memory (Figure 1), and can be used as additives for beverages, foods, and cosmetics [8,10,19,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, anthocyanidins and anthocyanins have low bioavailability because they are poorly absorbed, rapidly metabolized and excreted, which, in turn, compromises their biological and pharmacological benefits [13].…”

“…↑: increase; ↓: decrease; RONS: reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; NO: nitric oxide; MAO: Monoamine oxidase; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; TG: triglycerides; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein. Adapted from [8,10,19,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”