Anti-Inflammatory and Mineralization Effects of an ASP/PLGA-ASP/ACP/PLLA-PLGA Composite Membrane as a Dental Pulp Capping Agent

Abstract

Dental pulp is essential for the development and long-term preservation of teeth. Dental trauma and caries often lead to pulp inflammation. Vital pulp therapy using dental pulp-capping materials is an approach to preserving the vitality of injured dental pulp. Most pulp-capping materials used in clinics have good biocompatibility to promote mineralization, but their anti-inflammatory effect is weak. Therefore, the failure rate will increase when dental pulp inflammation is severe. The present study developed an amorphous calcium phosphate/poly (L-lactic acid)-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) membrane compounded with aspirin (hereafter known as ASP/PLGA-ASP/ACP/PLLA-PLGA). The composite membrane, used as a pulp-capping material, effectively achieved the rapid release of high concentrations of the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin during the early stages as well as the long-term release of low concentrations of aspirin and calcium/phosphorus ions during the later stages, which could repair inflamed dental pulp and promote mineralization. Meanwhile, the composite membrane promoted the proliferation of inflamed dental pulp stem cells, downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers, upregulated the expression of mineralization-related markers, and induced the formation of stronger reparative dentin in the rat pulpitis model. These findings indicate that this material may be suitable for use as a pulp-capping material in clinical applications.

Evaluation of the Hemostatic Effect of an Innovative Tissue Adhesive during Extraction Therapy under Rivaroxaban in a Rodent Model

“…Rodents are an established animal model for studying dental subjects [33,34] or surgical measurements under rivaroxaban therapy [35][36][37]. Different applications of rivaroxaban and varying concentrations have been described in the literature [35][36][37][38].…”

Approaches to vital pulp therapies

“…Yang et al [51] fabricated a single-layered poly (lactic acid) (PLA) electrospun membrane loaded with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) [64] and aspirin (ASP) that promoted dentin formation and suppressed long-term inflammation. In an experimental animal pulpitis model, Yan et al [65] used ASP/PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ASP/ ACP/PLLA-PLGA composite membrane and MTA as a control. Higher DMP1 expression was observed in ASP/ ACP/PLLA-PLGA composite membrane group compared with the MTA group.…”

Proanthocyanidin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Electrospun Polylactic Acid Nanofibers: Preparation, Characterization, and Effects on Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…Despite all of the advantages, the presence of an inflammatory response following pulp injury highlights the necessity for electrospun membranes that provide sustained and controlled release of therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory properties. Yan et al developed a multilayer, sandwich-structured fiber membrane as a dental pulp-capping material to achieve a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect. They sandwiched a single-layered PLA electrospun membrane loaded with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and aspirin (PAA membrane) between two poly­(lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes and provided long-lasting anti-inflammatory effects.…”