Anti-inflammatory, Antithrombotic and Cardiac Remodeling Preventive Effects of Eugenol in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rat

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cardiac remodeling properties of eugenol in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, control, iso [100 mg/kg body weight was injected subcutaneously into rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days (6th and 7th day) to induce MI] and pretreated animals with clopidogrel (0.2 mg/kg) and eugenol (50 mg/kg) orally for 7 days and intoxicated with isoproterenol (Iso + Clop) and (Iso + EG) groups. Isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats showed notable changes in the ECG pattern, increase in heart weight index, deterioration in the hemodynamic function and rise in plasma level of troponin-T, CK-MB and LDH and ALT by 316, 74, 172 and 45 %, respectively, with histological myocardium necrosis and cells inflammatory infiltration. In addition, significant increases in plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as fibrinogen, α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ globulins with decrease level of albumin were observed in infarcted rats as compared to normal ones. Else, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in plasma, kidney and heart of the isoproterenol-induced rats was significantly increased by 34, 47 and 93 %, respectively, as compared to normal group. However, the administration of eugenol induced a clear improvement in cardiac biomarkers injury, reduced inflammatory mediators proteins, increased heart activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase with reduce in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content and inhibition of ventricular remodeling process through inhibition of ACE activity. Overall, eugenol evidences high preventive effects from cardiac remodeling process.

Cardiotoxicity and myocardial infarction‐associated DNA damage induced by thiamethoxam in vitro and in vivo: Protective role of Trigonella foenum‐graecum seed‐derived polysaccharide

“…Meanwhile, the obtained results proved that co‐treatment with FWEP ameliorated the status of TMX‐induced cardio toxicity in rats through maintaining cardiac biomarker enzymes to a near normal condition. This underlines that FWEP is responsible for the protection of the structural and architectural integrity of cardiomyocytes by preventing lipid peroxidation owing to its ability to scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as reported by our in vitro study through via FWEP linoleate model system confirmed by Ktari et al In this regard, previous investigations demonstrated that polysaccharide could correct dyslipidemia, improve TG metabolism, enhance endothelial function, increase antioxidant potential and decrease LDL …”

“…On the other hand, our in vivo experimental study revealed that TMX induced myocardial damage in rats. When, myocardial cells are damaged, the cardiac membrane becomes permeable inducing enzyme leakage . In the current study, the significant increase in plasma biomarker activities has been recorded in TMX group compared to control.…”

“…Also, our results showed cardiac hypertrophy evidenced by a significant increase of the cardiac somatic index. According to Mnafgui et al, cardiac hypertrophy could be attributed to increase extensive edematous intramuscular space and necrosis of cardiac muscle fibers, followed by damaged tissues invasion by inflammatory cells. Regarding the different possible mechanisms whereby apoptosis might be triggered, Cai et al postulated that oxidative stress could be a key element in such induction.…”

Cathepsin K activity controls cardiotoxin‐induced skeletal muscle repair in mice

“…The TUNEL staining showed marked TUNEL + apoptotic cells in the injured muscles of CatK +/+ mice on Day 3 after the CTX injection, and this change was prevented by CatK deletion (Figure A and B). Plasma LDH levels have often been used to predict muscle injury in humans and animals . To further examine the difference in muscle injury, the plasma LDH levels were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.…”

“…Plasma LDH levels have often been used to predict muscle injury in humans and animals. 39 To further examine the difference in muscle injury, the plasma LDH levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The quantitative biological analysis revealed significantly lower levels of plasma LDH from the CatK À/À mice compared with that from the CatK +/+ mice ( Figure 3C).…”