Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Melittin, a Major Component of Bee Venom: Detailed Mechanism of Action and Adverse Effects

Lee, Gihyun; Bae, Hyunsu

doi:10.3390/molecules21050616

Cited by 184 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…It causes pain, inflammation, and itching in high doses. However, it also has anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and radiation protective effects [4,[12][13][14]. From the enzymatic part of the venom, phospholipase A 2 accounts for approximately 10%-12% of dry bee venom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Metabolomic Studies of Apis mellifera Venom: LC-MS-Based Targeted Analysis of Organic Acids

Pawlak

Klupczynska

Kokot

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Organic acids are important active small molecules present in venoms and toxins, which have not been fully explored yet. The aim of the study was the determination of organic acids in honeybee venom (HBV) samples by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Two protocols for sample preparation were employed. A solid-phase extraction was used for the determination of malonic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, and kynurenic acid. A dilute-and-shoot method was optimal for: citric acid, malic acid, and succinic acid. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Synergi Hydro-RP column. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Among the analytes, glutaric acid and kynurenic acid were present in HBV samples in the lowest concentrations, whereas citric acid was the most abundant acid in each sample, and accounted for an average of 86 mg/g (8.6%) of the venom dry weight. Organic acids were discussed in terms of function. This is the first study in the available literature that provides specific data on the content of organic acids in HBV using a validated quantitative method.Key Contribution: The first study that provided specific and accurate data on the content of a panel of low-molecular-weight organic acids in honeybee venom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Metabolomic Studies of Apis mellifera Venom: LC-MS-Based Targeted Analysis of Organic Acids

Pawlak

Klupczynska

Kokot

et al. 2019

Toxins

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show abstract

“…In fact, the target product of this study is used in the pharmaceutical industry, in the treatment of several diseases [4,5], such as cancer [2,6,7], HIV, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, dissolution of scar tissue, herpes zoster, joint diseases and rheumatoid arthritis, Lyme disease, and osteoarthritis [8]. Another field of application is the cosmetics market [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and Economic Analysis of a New Intensive Collector in the Portuguese Market with Implication of Open Innovation Perspective

Serrinha

Correia

Marques

2019

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

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Bee venom is a sub-product of the beekeeping activity, and has a wide field of applications in several pivotal markets. Nevertheless, its collection is not an activity disseminated among Portuguese beekeepers, as its production is marginal. There are limited empirical studies on the production and the technical aspects involved in this type of activity. Our study, therefore, contributes to narrowing this knowledge gap, by analyzing and comparing the productivity and profitability of two bee venom collection techniques. The first involves equipment available on the market, and the second involves a new device developed from the aim of the present work. Concerning market knowledge, a questionnaire was given to a sample of beekeepers, to understand and characterize the market's needs and the level of information about bee venom. Because of the growing market interest in this product, a new collector is proposed, based on a set of intensive frame collectors strategically placed inside the beehives. The improvements obtained were increased production, either in terms of quantity or quality, obtaining a positive profitability. To evaluate the productivity of the proposed equipment, a comparison was performed, in an apiary, between existing state-of-the-art equipment and the proposed intensive collector. In a second stage, the profitability of the new proposed equipment was analyzed, using a comparative method between incomes and costs associated with both solutions. The results obtained showed that the new intensive collector enables a profitable collection of bee venom in Portugal, despite its higher initial investment.

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“…BV is a bitter colorless liquid (pH 4.5-5.5) that dries up easily even at room temperature and is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and ammonium sulfate [5,38,39]. A bee can inject up to 0.1 mg venom via its stinger.…”

Section: Composition Of Honeybee Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all of the honey proteins, the [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Note. Lethal concentration: LC, three-dimensional: 3D, and nuclear magnetic resonance: NMR.…”

Section: Melittinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is also responsible for various allergic reactions in the body and can suppress the signal pathways of toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4), cluster of differentiation (CD14), nuclear factor kappa-B essential modulator (NEMO), and platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFR ). By suppressing these pathways, melittin diminishes the activation of p38, ERK1/2, AKT, and PLC 1 and the translocation of NF-B into the nucleus, consequently leading to reduced inflammation in the skin, aorta, joints, liver, and neuronal tissues [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melittin, a Potential Natural Toxin of Crude Bee Venom: Probable Future Arsenal in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Hossen

Gan

Khalil

2017

Journal of Chemistry

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Since diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common and serious endocrine metabolic disorders, it is important to elucidate novel antidiabetic therapeutic agents from various sources, including natural products. Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins, peptides, and low molecular components, and melittin is the main constituent. Melittin is a peptide consisting of 26 amino acids with the sequence GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ. It has several important biological effects and has a relatively low toxicity. Recent studies using animal models have confirmed that melittin has significant glucose and lipid lowering activities by acting on several mechanistic pathways. The main antidiabetic activity of melittin is increasing insulin secretion via depolarization of pancreatic -cells. Other possible mechanisms may involve stimulation of phospholipase A 2 , increase of glucose uptake, improving lipid profile, and/or reduction of inflammation. This review summarizes the various sources, proteomics, biological roles, adverse effects, and medical applications of melittin and its mechanism of action in combating DM.

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Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Melittin, a Major Component of Bee Venom: Detailed Mechanism of Action and Adverse Effects

Cited by 184 publications

References 71 publications

Extending Metabolomic Studies of Apis mellifera Venom: LC-MS-Based Targeted Analysis of Organic Acids

Extending Metabolomic Studies of Apis mellifera Venom: LC-MS-Based Targeted Analysis of Organic Acids

Productivity and Economic Analysis of a New Intensive Collector in the Portuguese Market with Implication of Open Innovation Perspective

Melittin, a Potential Natural Toxin of Crude Bee Venom: Probable Future Arsenal in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

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