Anti-Inflammatory Chemical Profiling of the Australian Rainforest Tree Alphitonia petriei (Rhamnaceae)

Raju, Ritesh; Gunawardena, Dhanushka; Ahktar, Most Afia; Low, Mitchell; Reddell, Paul; Münch, Gerald

doi:10.3390/molecules21111521

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Australia offers one of the most unique and diverse ecosystems, and chemical investigations of native specimens have allowed the isolation and discovery of numerous novel and unique natural compounds from terrestrial or marine environments [23,24]. Some recently discovered natural product scaffolds exhibit antiparasitic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and/or anti-cancer activity [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds from the Marine Brown Alga Caulocystis cephalornithos with Potent In Vitro-Activity against the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus

et al. 2020

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Eight secondary metabolites (1 to 8) were isolated from a marine sponge, a marine alga and three terrestrial plants collected in Australia and subsequently chemically characterised. Here, these natural product-derived compounds were screened for in vitro-anthelmintic activity against the larvae and adult stages of Haemonchus contortus (barber’s pole worm)—a highly pathogenic parasitic nematode of ruminants. Using an optimised, whole-organism screening system, compounds were tested on exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) and fourth-stage larvae (L4s). Anthelmintic activity was initially evaluated on these stages based on the inhibition of motility, development and/or changes in morphology (phenotype). We identified two compounds, 6-undecylsalicylic acid (3) and 6-tridecylsalicylic acid (4) isolated from the marine brown alga, Caulocystis cephalornithos, with inhibitory effects on xL3 and L4 motility and larval development, and the induction of a “skinny-straight” phenotype. Subsequent testing showed that these two compounds had an acute nematocidal effect (within 1–12 h) on adult males and females of H. contortus. Ultrastructural analysis of adult worms treated with compound 4 revealed significant damage to subcuticular musculature and associated tissues and cellular organelles including mitochondria. In conclusion, the present study has discovered two algal compounds possessing acute anthelmintic effects and with potential for hit-to-lead progression. Future work should focus on undertaking a structure-activity relationship study and on elucidating the mode(s) of action of optimised compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds from the Marine Brown Alga Caulocystis cephalornithos with Potent In Vitro-Activity against the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus

et al. 2020

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“…12 Examples include: phenolic compounds in privet (Ligustrum species) 13 ; alkaloids, terpenes, lignans and essential oils in laurel (Litsea species) 14 ; saponins and triterpenes in sarsaparilla (Alphitonia spp.) 15 ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids in silk pod vine (Parsonsia straminea) 16 ; alkaloids and glycosides in lantana (Lantana camara) 17 ; terpenes and essential oils in camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) 18 and alkaloids and glycosides in tobacco bush (Solanum mauritianum). 19 Hepatic microsomal enzymes enable generalized detoxification pathways and specifically oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, esterification, N-dealkylation, and conjugation of toxicants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of free‐ranging Lumholtz's tree‐kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi)

2021

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Background Reference intervals for haematology and serum biochemistry parameters were developed for free-ranging Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) using 35 samples from 12 female and 15 male free-ranging animals. Captive tree-kangaroos (n = 12) were also sampled for comparison. Differences were found between free-ranging and captive animals in white blood cell and neutrophil counts, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatine kinase, phosphate, triglycerides and lipase. These differences may be attributed to diet, activity, capture methods or age group. Reference intervals generated may be used for both free-ranging and captive Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos. This study provides a valuable tool for the assessment of health in rescued and captive treekangaroos and will aid in investigations into population health and disease in free-ranging Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos.Objective To develop reference intervals (RIs) for haematology and serum biochemistry parameters in Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos.Methods Haematological and serum biochemical RIs were determined using 35 samples from 27 clinically healthy Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos from the Atherton Tablelands region of Queensland examined between 2014 and 2019. Haematology and serum biochemistry parameters were measured from 16 samples from 12 captive animals for comparison.Results Reference intervals based on 35 samples from freeranging animals showed higher mean and standard deviation values for white blood cell and neutrophil counts, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatine kinase, phosphate, triglycerides and lipase than results for 16 samples from captive animals. Captive individuals showed higher mean values than free-ranging individuals for albumin, protein, creatinine as well as Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC. ConclusionThe haematological and serum biochemistry RIs developed for Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos in this study will provide a valuable tool during clinical examination and investigations into disease and population health by veterinarians and researchers. The differences in parameters between free-ranging and captive animals are consistent with differences in diet, age cohort, activity or capture methods. Reference intervals generated from free-ranging animals should also be valid for captive Lumholtz's tree-kangaroos.

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“…In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has outstanding advantages in treating RA. Betulinic acid (BA, 3β‐hydroxyup‐20(29)‐en‐28‐oic acid), a pentacyclic triterpene prepared from betulin extracted from birch trees, has antitumor and anti‐inflammatory activities . This experiment intends to explore the protective effect of ganoderic acid A on adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betulinic acid (BA, 3β-hydroxyup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid), a pentacyclic triterpene prepared from betulin extracted from birch trees, has antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. [7][8][9] This experiment intends to explore the protective effect of ganoderic acid A on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Ltd. After the rats were repurchased, they were reared adaptively for 1 week and were free to eat and drink.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of betulinic acid on Freund's complete adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats

Ding

Chen

Shen

et al. 2019

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of betulinic acid (BA) on adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats. The rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (AA) was established by Freund's complete adjuvant. Arthritis index, joint pathology, toe swelling, hemorheology, related cytokines and ROCK/NF‐κB signaling pathway were measured in rats. BA can significantly inhibit the arthritis index, improve joint pathology, reduce toe swelling, improve blood rheology, improve synovial cell apoptosis, and restore related cytokine negative regulation of ROCK/NF‐κB signaling pathways. BA has an obvious therapeutic effect on joint inflammation of toes in AA model rats, which may be due to the regulation of ROCK/NF‐κB signaling pathway.

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Anti-Inflammatory Chemical Profiling of the Australian Rainforest Tree Alphitonia petriei (Rhamnaceae)

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Natural Compounds from the Marine Brown Alga Caulocystis cephalornithos with Potent In Vitro-Activity against the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus

Natural Compounds from the Marine Brown Alga Caulocystis cephalornithos with Potent In Vitro-Activity against the Parasitic Nematode Haemonchus contortus

Haematological and serum biochemical reference intervals of free‐ranging Lumholtz's tree‐kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi)

Protective effect of betulinic acid on Freund's complete adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats

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