Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Acetone Extracts from Microalgae Chlorella sp. WZ13 on RAW264.7 Cells and TPA-induced Ear Edema in Mice

Abstract

Microalgae extracts have a wide range of uses in the field of healthcare and nutrition. However, the use of microalgae extracts in anti-inflammatory properties and their mechanism of action have not yet been fully studied. Here, we show that extracts from Chlorella sp. WZ13 (CSE-WZ13) dose-dependently reduced nitrite production, inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein, and decreased the production of the gene and inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Using high-content imaging analysis, it was found that CSE-WZ13 inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. CSE-WZ13 also exerted anti-inflammatory effects in an ear edema mouse model induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). CSE-WZ13 inhibited edema by 36.17% and 25.66% at a dose of 0.3 and 0.1 mg/ear, respectively. Histological analysis showed that topical application of CSE-WZ13 decreased TPA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration. Our results indicate that CSE-WZ13 may be a useful candidate for the purpose of decreasing inflammation.

Bifidobacterium longum and Chlorella sorokiniana Combination Modulates IFN-γ, IL-10, and SOCS3 in Rotavirus-Infected Cells

“…On the other hand, Chlorella genus is a widely studied microalga for its application in industries such as animal nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and health [6,40,41]. We have previously reported that cells treated with C. sorokiniana metabolites caused a significant reduction in rotavirus infectivity [5].…”

Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) attenuates aflatoxin-associated renal injury

“…Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed the powerful binding of ChV bioactive compounds to the binding sites of IL1RAP, IL6RA, TNFRSF1A, and TRAF1 in quails. Accumulating evidence indicates that ChV’s potential to mitigate inflammation is ascribed to its abundance in PUFA, which plays a crucial role in regulating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and relieving cellular inflammation ( Abdelnour et al, 2019a ; Remize et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2022 ). This is in agreement with Abdelhamid et al (2020) who reported that ChV supplementation contributed to the downregulation of TNF-α in splenic fish.…”