Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract from Myagropsis myagroides on murine macrophages and mouse ear edema

Abstract

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Myagropsis myagroides (EMM) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ear edema in mice, and to clarify its underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsThe levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by Griess assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Akt were measured using Western blotting. Nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined by immunocytochemistry and reporter gene assay, respectively. PMA-induced mouse ear edema was used as the animal model of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory compounds in EMM were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance.ResultsEMM significantly inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. EMM strongly suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB by preventing degradation of inhibitor of κB-α as well as by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs. EMM reduced ear edema in PMA-induced mice. One of the anti-inflammatory compounds in EMM was identified as 6,6’-bieckol.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of EMM are associated with the down-regulation of iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines through the inhibition of NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

Anti-inflammatory effect of hexane fraction from Myagropsis myagroides ethanolic extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells

“…Also, fucoxanthin, isolated from Myagropsis myagroides and L. japonica , inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells . Among phlorotannins isolated from M. myagroides , 6,6′‐bieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol B are the major anti‐inflammatory components in the ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively . We found that the hexane fraction from M. myagroides ethanolic extract (MMH) showed the highest anti‐inflammatory activity among various solvent fractions of the ethanolic extract.…”

Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Isorhamnetin Glycosides Isolated fromOpuntia ficus-indica

“…(Anacardiaceae) inhibited the ear edema induced by TPA by 21%, while the methyl gallate, one of the main compounds in MeOH extract, at an equivalent concentration, produced 63% of ear edema inhibition. Likewise, an ethanolic extract of Myagropsis myagroides (90 μ g/ear) markedly inhibited the phorbol myristate acetate- (PMA-) induced ear edema with 66.8% inhibition ( P < 0.05), one-third of 6,6′-bieckol activity which was tested at 30 μ g/ear [ 44 ]. In this investigation, although the OFI extract showed an adequate inhibitory effect on ear edema, it did not exceed the effects observed with isorhamnetin diglycosides IGR and IGP.…”

Anti-inflammatory Effect of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Myagropsis yendoi on Lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

“…fucoxanthin, fucosterol, phlorotannin (Kim et al, 2010b;Kim et al, 2013a;Lee et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2014). (Joung et al, 2012a;Joung et al, 2012b;Gwon et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2013b), phlorotannin, sargachromenol sargaquinoic acid (Kang et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014 , 20 µL 5% nonidet NP-40 5 .…”