Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipid-based formulation of a rotenoid-rich fraction prepared fromBoerhavia diffusa

Abstract

Context: Boerhavia diffusa L. (Nyctaginaceae) roots are used in Ayurveda for treating inflammatory diseases. Generally poor oral bioavailability is a major problem associated with herbal drugs. Objective: To develop a phospholipid complex of rotenoid-rich fraction (RRF) and evaluate its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and pharmacokinetic study. Materials and methods: RRF was prepared from a 70% ethanol extract of B. diffusa roots. This RRF was complexed with phosphatidylcholine by refluxing in 70% ethanol. In vivo antiinflammatory activity of RRF-PC and RRF was determined using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method, at a dose equivalent to 100 mg/kg p.o. of RRF. Edema volume was calculated at 3 and 5 h. The plasma concentration of boeravinone B was estimated in rats at a same dose level. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 36 h. Results:1 H and 31 P NMR spectra of RRF-PC showed up-field shift of protons of the + N(CH 3 ) 3 group (3.37 ! 3.23) and the phosphorus atom (À1.26 ! À1.57 ppm), respectively, which confirmed phospholipid complex formation between phosphatidylcholine [PO 4 and + N(CH 3 ) 3 groups] and phytoconstituents by hydrogen bonding. The RRF-PC showed significantly enhanced in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (64%) as compared with RRF (48%) and ibuprofen (50%) at 5 h (p50.001). Furthermore, detected plasma concentration of boeravinone B was two times higher in RRF-PC (75 ng/mL) as compared with RRF (40 ng/mL). Conclusion:The present study demonstrated an increased anti-inflammatory potential and higher plasma level of boeravinone B in lipid-based formulation (RRF-PC) as compared with RRF.

Boeravinone B alleviates gut dysbiosis during myocardial infarction‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats

“…Boeravinone B is a rotenoid isolated from the Boerhaavia diffusa 19 . The herb has been long in use by our ancestors and proved to be an effective formula for gastric ailments such as dyspepsia, abdominal pain, gastritis and other gut‐related disorders.…”

Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Boeravinone B From Boerhaavia Diffusa Linn.

“…Table 3 represents the intraday precision studies of RP-HPLC separation of Boeravinone B. 17 . Figure 7 shows the FTIR spectra of Boeravinone B, obtained from TLC separation of methanolic extract of B.diffusa roots.…”

“…FTIR absorption spectrum of purified Boeravinone B compound obtained from TLC followed by HPLC separated fraction of methanolic extract of B.diffusa roots was carried out 17 . The above absorption spectra was compared with Boeravinone B standard through FTIR (Shimadzu IR Tracer-100, Japan) utility.…”

“…Boeravinone B (6a, 12a -Dehydro-6,9,11 -trihydroxy-10-methylrotenone), a bioactive marker compound from Boerhaavia diffusa has therapeutic effect for treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute myoskeletal disorders, spondylosis, tendonitis, atherosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis in mammals 16 . Boeravinone B is present in higher plasma level in a lipid based formulation of rotenoid-rich fraction of phosphatidyl choline as compared with rotenoid rich fraction demonstrated an increased anti-inflammatory potential 17 .…”

An Intramolecular CAr–H•••O=C Hydrogen Bond and the Configuration of Rotenoids

“…Beyond this property, rotenoids have shown antibacterial (against Helicobacter pylori ) [8], antitumor [9], antiinflammatory [10], and antileishmanial and antimalarial activities [11, 12]. The antitumor propensity of rotenoids, which was reported to correlate with their Complex I inhibitory effects, has attracted an increasing interest [13–15].…”