Anti-melanogenesis properties of condensed tannins from Vigna angularis seeds with potent antioxidant and DNA damage protection activities

Abstract

The characterization, anti-tyrosinase activity, cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma cells, antioxidant, and DNA damage protection activities of condensed tannins purified from Vigna angularis seeds were reported.

Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances

“…Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the tyrosinase inhibitors described above, highlighting the importance of key structural moieties as responsible for the observed effects. As an example, in silico analysis showed that the flavonoids spinosin and swertiajaponin act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme by binding to the active site through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions [212,214], as is the case also for condensed tannins from different sources based on molecular docking [96,98,99]. Chelation of copper ions by adjacent hydroxyl groups on the B ring has also been suggested as a feasible inhibition mechanism for proanthocyanidins [101,102,106].…”

“…On the contrary, biflavonoids not containing a 1,3-benzenediol from Solanum nigrum (Figure 11) were only poor tyrosinase inhibitos, with IC 50 values > 190 µM [94]. Increasing attention has been devoted to condensed tannins, which have shown promising activities as inhibitors of both monophenolase and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase (Table 1) [96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]. Particularly active were prodelphinidins and procyanidins from the fruit pericarp of Clausena lansium Skeels [102], as well as the complex mixtures isolated from Persea Americana [106], Longan bark [99], and from leaves and fruit of Leucaena leucocephala [97].…”

“…In the last five years, several natural and synthetic phenolic compounds have been described also as inhibitors of tyrosinase from animal and human sources. Most of these studies used B16 murine melanoma cell lines as a model [52,55,75,85,95,96,99,114,122,123,[127][128][129][132][133][134][135]138,139,151,153,155,163,, although some papers using zebrafish as an in vivo whole animal model have also been published [55,116,206]. As to the human sources, data on inhibition of human recombinant or purified tyrosinase [9,207], human melanoma cells [130,136], normal human melanocytes [208][209][210][211], or human skin models consisting of reconstructed three-dimensional human epidermis [212][213][214][215] have been published (Figure 21).…”

Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.): Bioactive Polyphenols, Polysaccharides, Peptides, and Health Benefits

“…Vitexin was proved to exhibit a higher inhibitory effect on melanogenesis than isovitexin. In addition, proanthocyanidins and condensed tannins from the mung bean seed coat were also found to have a good inhibitory effect on cellular tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis of B 16 mouse melanoma cells [24,80]. The interactions of proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins from the mung bean seed coat with tyrosinase, driven by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic force, according to molecular docking, were considered as a significant mechanism for explaining the inhibition.…”

“…In addition to the nutritional properties of the mung bean, the Compendium of Materia Medica (the “ Bencao Gangmu ”), a well-known Chinese pharmacopoeia, has recorded that it can be utilized as Chinese traditional medicine for its detoxification activities, recuperation of mentality, ability to alleviate heat stroke, and regulation of a gastrointestinal upset. Interestingly, apart from the ancient description, recent studies have identified many other potential health benefits of the mung bean, such as its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and its antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-melanogenesis, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties beyond meeting basic nutrient requirements [21,22,23,24,25,26]. In support of these health benefits, a considerable number of studies have been conducted to confirm its chemical constituents, especially the polyphenolics, polysaccharides, and peptides [27,28,29].…”