Anti‐migration of Nitrogen‐rich N‐Heterocyclic Ferrocenes and Their Combustion Catalytic Properties in the Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Oxidizers

Yang, Liting; Jiang, Liping; Bi, Fuqiang; Zhang, Guofang

doi:10.1002/zaac.202100324

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several studies have focused on synthesizing combustion catalysts to improve CSPs’ burning rate and antimigration ability . These catalysts can be classified into four categories: transition metal oxides, , nanoparticles, − transition metal complexes, − and ferrocene (Fc)-based compounds. ,,− Transition metal oxides are inexpensive and simple to produce but have less worth in combustion. Nanoparticles have the advantage of being easier to transfer electrons and significantly reducing the decomposition temperature and activation energy for AP. , However, they are prone to aggregate and preferentially adsorbed on components during mixing, resulting in less dispersion of nano-Fe 2 O 3 particles and heat release of AP .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 These catalysts can be classified into four categories: transition metal oxides, 10 , 11 nanoparticles, 12 − 16 transition metal complexes, 17 − 20 and ferrocene (Fc)-based compounds. 7 , 9 , 21 − 27 Transition metal oxides are inexpensive and simple to produce but have less worth in combustion. Nanoparticles have the advantage of being easier to transfer electrons and significantly reducing the decomposition temperature and activation energy for AP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Mono and Bimetallic Ferrocene-Based 1,2,3-Triazolyl Compounds as Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motor

Valdebenito,

Gaete,

Osorio

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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We reported mono and bimetallic ferrocene-based 1,2,3-triazolyl compounds as potential burning rate catalysts in their neutral and ionic forms. All complexes reported here were characterized using 1 H and 13 C NMR, elemental analysis, and Mossbauer spectroscopy, which was performed for neutral and oxide compounds. The complexes present quasireversible redox potentials with higher oxidative ability than ferrocene and catocene under the same conditions. The complexes were tested as catalysts on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and examined by a differential scanning calorimetry technique to gain further knowledge about their catalytic behavior. Compound 1 causes a decrease of the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) of AP positively, decreasing the decomposition temperature of AP to 345 °C and consequently increasing the energy release to 1939 J•g −1 . We took the residues from the pans after testing from the DSC to elucidate the underlying reaction pathways. We obtained the size of the nanostructures formed after thermal decomposition of AP determined by the TEM technique. The diameter and size distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles formed depend on the alkyl sidechain of the triazolium ring, which induces the formation of nanoparticles with a double diameter and size distribution compared to their neutral analogues, suggesting that the possible intermediate for the mechanism degradation of AP by ferrocene derivatives is nanoscale Fe 2 O 3 or similar oxides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Mono and Bimetallic Ferrocene-Based 1,2,3-Triazolyl Compounds as Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motor

Valdebenito,

Gaete,

Osorio

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Ferrocene‐based pyrazole energetic compounds as burning rate catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Applied Organom Chemis

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To enhance the combustion performance of composite solid propellants (CSPs), a series of ferrocene‐based pyrazole energetic compounds were prepared and characterized systemically by spectroscopic techniques in this study. Moreover, their catalytic performance and mechanism as burning rate catalysts (BRCs) were investigated, and the related kinetic parameters were obtained via Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods, respectively. Besides, their anti‐migration performance and mechanism were studied via simulating the aging experiments of propellant samples at different times. The results showed that these compounds exhibited excellent catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, which is a vital oxidizer in CSPs and determines its combustion performance. Among them, EMFc‐1 showed the best catalytic performance because of the higher content of active component. The pyrolysis temperature of ammonium perchlorate was reduced by 56.2 °C and the heat release was increased by 248.2 J g−1 with 5 wt% EMFc‐1 as catalyst. Moreover, their anti‐migration performance was improved greatly compared with the commercial catocene (Cat) and ferrocene. The work indicates that these compounds can be applied as BRCs to enhance the combustion performance of propellants.

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Synthesis and properties of binuclear ferrocene energetic compounds as combustion rate catalyst

Zhao

Hou

et al. 2022

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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In order to improve the catalytic performance, oxidation resistance and thermal stability of neutral alkyl ferrocene-based combustion rate catalysts, mononuclear ferrocene energetic compounds were designed and prepared, but four binuclear ferrocene energetic compounds were unexpectedly discovered during the synthesis compounds. The new compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of compounds a, b, c and d confirmed that we have successfully prepared binuclear ferrocene nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. The thermogravimetric results revealed that most of the compounds exhibit high thermal stability. The electrochemical properties of the four compounds were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry; the CV experimental results indicated that these compounds showed good electrochemical performance, which contributed to their burning rate catalytic activity in composite solid propellants. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the catalytic performance of the binuclear ferrocene energetic compounds for ammonium perchlorate (AP). The results show that these compounds have a good combustion catalytic effect on AP due to the increase in the number of ferrocene groups.

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Anti‐migration of Nitrogen‐rich N‐Heterocyclic Ferrocenes and Their Combustion Catalytic Properties in the Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Oxidizers

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of Mono and Bimetallic Ferrocene-Based 1,2,3-Triazolyl Compounds as Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motor

Evaluation of Mono and Bimetallic Ferrocene-Based 1,2,3-Triazolyl Compounds as Burning Rate Catalysts for Solid Rocket Motor

Ferrocene‐based pyrazole energetic compounds as burning rate catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Synthesis and properties of binuclear ferrocene energetic compounds as combustion rate catalyst

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