Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels and Cardiometabolic Disturbances by Weight Status Among Men in the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Context Serum anti-Müllerian hormone level (AMH) and body mass index may be jointly associated with cardiometabolic risk. Objectives Examine the contribution of AMH to cardiometabolic disturbances by weight status among US adult men. Design Cross-sectional analysis using data from the 1999 to 2004 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Setting Multistage probability sampling of the noninstitutionalized US population. Participants US men aged ≥18 years. Final analytic sample sizes ranged from 517 to 1063 participants. Main Outcome and Exposure Measures Cardiometabolic disturbances (metabolic syndrome and its components, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic inflammation) and AMH were obtained from trained staff and nurses in a mobile examination center or during in-home visits. Results AMH was directly associated with insulin resistance among obese men [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.00, 1.15); P = 0.046; N = 146], whereas AMH was inversely associated with waist circumference (WC) among obese men [OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 0.99); P = 0.049; N = 146]. An inverse relationship was also observed between categorical AMH and diabetes status [medium vs low AMH; OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.043, 0.84); P = 0.030; N = 145] among obese men, with a strong inverse relationship also detected among overweight men [high vs low AMH; OR 0.011 (95% CI 0.0004, 0.27); P = 0.007; N = 193]. An inverse relationship between continuous AMH and diabetes [OR 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.93); P = 0.011; N = 193] was also detected among overweight men. Conclusions AMH was associated with specific cardiometabolic risk factors, including WC, diabetes status, and insulin resistance, in overweight and obese US men.

Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on the Sertoli cells of dysmetabolic obese men with low testosterone levels

“…Our in‐house reference range obtained from a different population of 40 adult fertile nonobese men aged 24‐40 years was 35‐305 pg/mL or ng/L. These values are in line with other studies that used the same kit . As reported in our previous study, serum steroid hormones were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) using reference intervals in healthy adult men by Fanelli et al Gonadotropins and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were measured at the Central Laboratory of S.Orsola Malpighi Hospital (Bologna, Italy) by Modular Analytics E 170 (Roche Diagnostics) and by Immulite 2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), respectively, as previously described …”

“…These values are in line with other studies that used the same kit. 12,17 As reported in our previous study, 9 serum Diagnostics), respectively, as previously described. 19…”

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women

“…The generalisability of this finding may be limited, as it has been suggested that circulating AMH levels temporarily drop during late-stage pregnancy [ 34 ]. In line with our results, a previous study in men observed a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals with higher AMH levels [ 35 ]. In men, AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and also decreases with increasing age [ 36 ], although to a lesser degree than in women.…”

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women

“…The generalisability of this finding may be limited, as it has been suggested that circulating AMH levels temporarily drop during late-stage pregnancy [34]. In line with our results, a previous study in men observed a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals with higher AMH levels [35]. In men, AMH is produced by Sertoli cells and also decreases with increasing age [36], although to a lesser degree than in women.…”