Anti-Mycobacterium Leprae Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-React with Human Skin: An Alternative Explanation for the Immune Responses in Leprosy

Naafs, Bernard; Kolk, A. H. J.; Lien, Roel A.M. Chin A.; Faber, William R.; Dijk, Grietje van; Kuijper, Sjoukje; Stolz, E.; Joost, Theodoor van

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12876264

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…S100 and heat shock proteins like 35 kDa and 65 kDa), and against lipoarabinomannan and PGL-1 glycolipids. 27,45,46,50-52 Except for anti-PGL-1 antibody, which is directed against an antigen specific for M. leprae , the remaining antibodies may produce positive results in normal human skin or in some chronic and autoimmune infectious diseases. 27 …”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: a review of laboratory and therapeutic aspects - Part 2

Lastória

Abreu

2014

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Leprosy is a chronic infectious condition caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M. leprae). It is endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in Brazil. Additionally, it presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, which are dependent on the interaction between M. leprae and host, and are related to the degree of immunity to the bacillus. The diagnosis of this disease is a clinical one. However, in some situations laboratory exams are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of leprosy or classify its clinical form. This article aims to update dermatologists on leprosy, through a review of complementary laboratory techniques that can be employed for the diagnosis of leprosy, including Mitsuda intradermal reaction, skin smear microscopy, histopathology, serology, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, imaging tests, electromyography, and blood tests. It also aims to explain standard multidrug therapy regimens, the treatment of reactions and resistant cases, immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and chemoprophylaxis.

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Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: a review of laboratory and therapeutic aspects - Part 2

Lastória

Abreu

2014

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…Therefore, the precipitating factor for the occurrence of T1R is still remains an enigma. Earlier, it has been hypothesized that cross-reactive proteins of M. leprae and host might be responsible for initiation of reaction [9,27]. Antigenic similarity between M. leprae and human nerve and skin components has been suggested as the possible mechanism for the development of auto-reaction in leprosy patients [8,9,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier, it was reported that MBP is one of the constituents in the circulating immune complexes (CIC) of lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients and was suggested that MBP released after nerve damage caused by M. leprae was responsible for production of anti-MBP antibodies, which further may lead to demyelination and nerve damage [7]. Molecular mimicry may be the underlying mechanism for production of autoantibodies and might be responsible for pathological destruction in leprosy [8,9]. Molecular mimicry is defined as immunological cross-reactivity between infectious agent and host antigenic determinant/s [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mimicry between Mycobacterium leprae proteins (50S ribosomal protein L2 and Lysyl-tRNA synthetase) and myelin basic protein: a possible mechanism of nerve damage in leprosy

Singh

Yadav

Mohanty

et al. 2015

Microbes and Infection

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“…In vitro, Benjamins et al 33 observed cross-reactivity of sera from leprosy patients between a 35-kDa neural antigen and a synthetic analogue of the terminal dissacharide portion of phenolic glycolipid-I. Naafs et al 35 showed that anti-M. leprae monoclonal antibodies cross-react with dermal antigenic determinants. Some of these determinants may be associated with small nerve fibres, as was ob served using MoAb FI 16-21, which cross reacted with the peripheral axons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical study of cutaneous neuritis in positive lepromin reactions

Bakos

Lucas²

1995

Leprosy Review

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Summary Sixty skin biopsies taken from positive tuberculoid and borderline tuberculoid late lepromin reaction were studied using histological techniques. The distribution of mycobacterial antigen and nerves was demonstrated using immunochemical methods.A total of 557 nerve bundles was observed in 51 biopsies; 9 were devoid of nerves in the sections examined; 475 nerve bundles showed some relationship to the inflammatory infiltrate (85%); perineuritis being seen in 144 (30%) and endoneuritis in 5 (0'9%).Mycobacterial antigens inside the granuloma were detected in 59 of the 60 biopsies (98%). Only one specimen, showing a strong tuberculoid reaction, failed to show these antigens. On the contrary, mycobacterial antigen was absent in almost all nerves. Small deposits were detected in the perineurium of one nerve with perineuritis, and inside a Schwann cell of another, the latter belonging to a previously multi bacillary patient.The neurotropic tendency of the granuloma does not seem to be stimulated by the presence of mycobacterial antigens inside the nerves, as normally these antigens do not penetrate them. The hypothesis of some antigenic fraction of the neural tissue which cross-reacts with Mycobacterium /eprae antigens, thus eliciting a perineural or near-perineural inflammatory reaction is put fo rward, but needs fu rther investigation.During the last 70 years, the lepromin test has been widely used throughout the world to assess the immune status of leprosy patients and their contacts. The type of lepromin developed by Mitsuda in 1919, ' is still used today.The positive Mitsuda test, or late or delayed lepromin reaction, consists of a nodular induration of the skin, of varied size, at the site of the dermal inoculation of the 0305-7518/95/066277 +010 $1.00 © Lepra 277 278 L. Bakos and S. B. Lucas substance, reaching its maximum size between the third and fo urth weeks after the injection, slowly involuting afterwards, sometimes leaving an atrophic scar. Ulceration can occur in strongly positive reactions. Its presence is regarded as an indicator of resistance of the host to M. leprae infection, 2 -5 being the result of a delayed hyper sensitivity reaction to the injected antigen. 6 -8The inoculated antigens can be of human origin, obtained both by the Mitsuda or by the Dharmendra method from human lepromata, or of animal origin, obtained fr om armadillos experimentally infected with M. leprae.Histologically, the classical positive Mitsuda reaction consists of a dense grouping of epithelioid cells, with multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, thus forming a typical tuberculoid structure, similar to that encountered in TT or BT cases of leprosy. The size and type of cells in the granuloma can be variable according to the spectral concept of leprosy. 6 , 14 , 18The histopathology of the lepromin reaction has been extensively studied. 9 , 11 , 13 , l 6 Some authors note the preference for the inflammatory cells to be arranged around blood vessels and skin appendages, without referring specifically to nerves. 7...

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Anti-Mycobacterium Leprae Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-React with Human Skin: An Alternative Explanation for the Immune Responses in Leprosy

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Leprosy: a review of laboratory and therapeutic aspects - Part 2

Leprosy: a review of laboratory and therapeutic aspects - Part 2

Molecular mimicry between Mycobacterium leprae proteins (50S ribosomal protein L2 and Lysyl-tRNA synthetase) and myelin basic protein: a possible mechanism of nerve damage in leprosy

Immunohistochemical study of cutaneous neuritis in positive lepromin reactions

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