Anti-Obesity Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC05 Isolated from Sichuan Pickle in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice through PPAR-α Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Sichuan pickle is a traditional fermented food in China which is produced by the spontaneous fermentation of Chinese cabbage. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of a new lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC05, LF-CQPC05) isolated from Sichuan pickles were assessed in vivo. An obese animal model was established in mice by inducing obesity with high-fat diet. Both serum and tissues were collected from the mice, and then subjected to qPCR and Western blot analyses. The results showed that LF-CQPC05 could decrease the values of hepatosomatic, epididymal fat, and perirenal fat indices that were induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Moreover, LF-CQPC05 reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both serum samples and liver tissues of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet. Pathological observations demonstrated that LF-CQPC05 could alleviate the obesity-induced pathological changes in the liver tissue of mice, and reduce the degree of adipocyte enlargement. The results of qPCR and Western blot analyses further indicated that LF-CQPC05 upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), PPAR-α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), (cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase) CYP7A1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A), and downregulated the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α) in both liver tissue and epididymal adipose tissue. Taken altogether, this study reveals that LF-CQPC05 can effectively inhibit high-fat diet-induced obesity. Its anti-obesity effect is comparable to that of l-carnitine, and is superior to that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, a common strain used in the dairy industry. Therefore, LF-CQPC05 is a high-quality microbial strain with probiotic potential.

Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC04 on Lipid Reduction in C57BL/6J Mice

“…These indicators will be obviously abnormal in the case of liver damage. Those with abnormal liver function cannot metabolize fat normally, which leads to obesity (Zhu et al, 2019). This study again proves that LF-CQPC04 can regulate lipid metabolism and ease liver dysfunction caused by abnormal lipid levels.…”

“…The liver tissue was homogenized with a tissue homogenizer, and the tissue homogenate was obtained from the upper layer after centrifugation (4000 rpm/min for 10 min). Serum and tissue homogenate indicators were measured according to the kit instructions (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) (Zhu et al, 2019).…”

Relationship of para- and perirenal fat and high-density lipoprotein and its function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Previous studies on different diet or materials regulating lipid metabolism indicated that the changes of plasma HDL cholesterol level and para-and perirenal fat content always inconsistent. For example, Lactobacillus fermentum CQPC05 isolated from Sichuan pickles could decrease perirenal fat index in high-fat diet mice, meanwhile plasma HDL cholesterol level reduced obviously [18]. Low dose doxycycline treated 6-week-old male db/db mice for 10 weeks showed that perirenal/epididymal fat index, and liver cholesterol reduced, but blood HDL cholesterol level increased [19].…”

“…One study in obese patients found that perirenal fat thickness was lower and HDL cholesterol was higher after sleeve-gastrectomy surgery [17]. While another study in obese animal found the contrary results [18]. Based on the above background, this study aimed to explore the relationship between para-and perirenal fat and serum HDL level and cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with T2DM.…”

<p>Effect of <em>Malus asiatica</em> Nakai Leaf Flavonoids on the Prevention of Esophageal Cancer in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating the IL-17 Signaling Pathway</p>

“…Modern experiments have shown that natural plants have a wide range of biological effects and these effects are closely related to the cytokine network. 23 IL-10 plays multiple roles in the regulation of tumor immunity, inflammatory response, and autoimmune response. It can stimulate T cells, especially CD8 + cells; stimulate B cells to mature, proliferate, and generate antibodies; and increase the ability of killing tumor cells.…”