Anti-osteoporotic effects of mixed compositions of extracellular polymers isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans and Textoria morbifera in ovariectomized mice

Abstract

BackgroundExtracellular polymeric substances isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans (EAP), containing specifically 13% β-1,3/1,6-glucan, have shown various favorable bone-preserving effects. Textoria morbifera Nakai (TM) tree has been used as an ingredient in traditional medicine and tea for various pharmacological purposes. Thus, the present study was aimed to examine the synergistic anti-osteoporotic potential of mixtures containing different proportions of EAP and TM compared with that of the single formulations of each herbal extract using bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a renowned rodent model for studying human osteoporosis.MethodsThirty five days after bilateral-OVX surgery, 9 combinations of EAP:TM (ratios = 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 9:1) and single separate formulations of EAP or TM were supplied orally, once a day for 35 days at a final concentration of 200 mg/kg. Variations in body weight gains during the experimental periods, as well as femur weights, bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength (failure load), and mineral content (calcium [Ca] and inorganic phosphorus [IP]) following sacrifice were measured. Furthermore, histomorphometric and histological profile analyses of serum biochemical parameters (osteocalcin content and bone specific alkaline phosphatase [bALP] activity) were conducted following sacrifice. Femurs histomorphometric analyses were also conducted for bone resorption, structure and mass. The results for the mixed formulations of EAP:TM and separate formulations were compared with those of risedronate sodium (RES).ResultsThe EAP:TM (3:1) formulation synergistically enhanced the anti-osteoporotic potential of individual EAP or TM formulations, possibly due to enhanced variety of the active ingredients. Furthermore, the effects of EAP:TM were comparable to those of RES (2.5 mg/kg) treatment.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that, the EAP:TM (3:1) combination might act as a new pharmaceutical agent and/or health functional food substance for curing osteoporosis in menopausal women.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2362-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Circ-ITCH sponges miR-214 to promote the osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis via upregulating YAP1

“…Mice were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham, OVX, OVX + OE-NC, and OVX + OE-circ-ITCH groups. After 1 week of acclimatization, mice were anesthetized with 5% ketamine and underwent bilateral OVX or sham operation in a bioclean environment as previously reported 27 . One week after OVX surgery, circ-ITCH overexpression lentiviral vector (OE-circ-ITCH) or negative control vector (OE-NC) was injected into OVX mice through tail intravenous injection once per week for 12 weeks.…”

Biological Effects of β-Glucans on Osteoclastogenesis

“…Other researchers showed that topical administration of a mixture of polycan and calcium gluconate significantly inhibited the bacterial proliferation, IL-β expression, and alveolar bone loss induced by ligature placements in rats [ 76 ]. Furthermore, in ovariectomized mice, oral administration of an extracellular polymer derived from A. pullulans , which contained 40% β-glucan [ 77 ] mixed with the leaf extract of Textoria morbifera , significantly reduced the osteoporotic symptoms [ 78 ].…”

Biological Activity of High-Purity β-1,3-1,6-Glucan Derived from the Black Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans: A Literature Review

“…Furthermore, the effects of APβG:TM were comparable to those of RES (2.5 mg·kg −1 ). These results suggest that the APβG:TM (3:1) combination can serve as a novel pharmaceutical agent and/or functional food for managing osteoporosis in menopausal women [ 64 ].…”