Anti-parasitic action and elimination of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in the presence of novel thiosemicarbazone and its 4-thiazolidinone derivatives

Anti-Parasite effects of new Thiosemicarbazones and their Products Thiazolidinone including Cellular aspects of Intracellular Elimination of Trypanosoma Cruzi in Vitro

“…Intracellular parasites [5] T.gondii, L. amazonenesis and T. cruzi were eliminated in presence of HU. A recent study by our group [12] showed that the disorganization and destruction of intracellular Toxoplasma in the presence of HU, TSC and TZN, using nonmacrophage cells, involved fusion between the lysosomes of host cells and the vacuole containing the parasites [12,10]. These cellular aspects demonstrate that the PV becomes permissive to lysosome fusion when the parasite is dead.…”

“…These results showed that the anti proliferative action of the compounds lead to a development of a mechanism to eliminate the parasite which involves the formation of autophagic vacuole, followed by lysosomes fusion recognition of endocytic pathway and finally, parasite digestion and elimination from the intracellular environment. In the case of intracellular T. gondii treated with TSC or TZN, the parasite was eliminated by a process that involves the fusion of parasitophorous vacuole with lysosomes, as demonstrated [10]. For Trypanosomes intracellular parasites, however, the mechanisms involved with death and elimination in presence of TSC or TZN should be studied.…”

“…Nevertheless, while several anticancer and antiparasitic tests using TSC and TZN have been demonstrated for the last few years, little of the cellular structure target was observed [5,10]. Demonstrated that HU, TSC and TZN respectively, were efficient at arresting the multiplication of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi, they also demonstrated that a drastic morphological parasite disorganization occurred, which led to parasite elimination, without toxic effects on the host cells [5,10]. In case of T. cruzi, a parasite that replicates within the cytoplasm of the host cell does not interage with the endo cytic pathway of the cell, so there is no knew mechanism for parasite elimination.…”

“…The synthesis of TSC (1, 3, 5-9) and TZN (2,4,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) derivatives followed the method described [12] . Briefly, the TSCs were obtained by reactions between the thiosemicarbazide and the benzaldehydes substituted in acid medium under reflux (yields 57-98%).…”

Retinoic acid signalling in gastrointestinal parasite infections: lessons from mouse models

“…These findings show not only the beneficial effect of retinoic acid signalling during T. gondii infection, but also that vitamin A metabolites are important systemically and not just in immune responses of the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue. Other experiments investigating the effect of retinoic acid on a kidney fibroblast cell‐line infected in vitro with T. gondii tachyzoites also suggested that retinoic acid had a protective effect in this infection, as there was a reduction in the number of infected cells and the number of larvae in the cells cultured in the presence of retinoic acid compared to control cultures (62). More research is needed, however, to establish whether administration of retinoic acid in vivo is sufficient to reduce/protect against T. gondii infection in mice and humans.…”