Anti-parasitic activity of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) juice against crustacean parasite, Lernantropus kroyeri, found on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Abstract

The copepod parasite Lernantropus kroyeri impairs the productivity of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) culture by leading to a direct infection or as a vector for other disease agents. In current conditions, the parasitic infections in mariculture are usually treated with the chemicals, mainly with the pesticides. However, therapeutic chemical use has potential risks on the overall aquatic environment. Thus, the aquaculture sector needs to find alternative substances to the treatment or prophylaxis of the diseases instead of chemicals. In the present study, in vitro exposure tests were performed to elucidate the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) on adult L. kroyeri. Female individuals of L. kroyeri were exposed to different concentrations of garlic or onion juice (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the plant juice) for a specified time. Garlic juice exposure at a ratio of 100% resulted in instantaneous death of all individuals in five minutes. Although the killing time varied by the concentration, garlic juice killed the L. kroyeri females within 30 min even at the lowest concentration. Onion juice had lower killing effect at low concentrations, however, higher concentrations of onion juice killed the female parasites within 60 min. Results revealed that garlic and onion juices had killing effect on L. kroyeri females in a time and concentration-dependent manner. It can be concluded that against parasitic copepods alternative solutions can be developed in aquaculture, using these plant juices with emphasising necessity of further in vivo tolerance tests in fish. HIGHLIGHTSGarlic and onion juices had anti-parasitic effect in vitro on the crustacean parasite, Lernantropus kroyeri found on the gills of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). After exposure of L. kroyeri to garlic and onion juices, the mortality was time and concentration-dependent. The killing activity of garlic juice for L. kroyeri was stronger than that of onion juice. ARTICLE HISTORY

Unveiling the effect of dietary essential oils supplementation in Sparus aurata gills and its efficiency against the infestation by Sparicotyle chrysophrii

“…Garlic is known for its wide-spectrum of antimicrobial activity that is attributed to allicin and ajoene, which exert multiple inhibitory effects on thiol-dependent enzymatic systems 104 . Similarly, garlic-based treatments demonstrated to be particularly effective in the fight against monogeneans and other parasites 18,105,106 . Farmed barramundi fed diets containing a garlic extract (50 and 150 mL kg −1 ) for 30 days showed a reduction of Neobenedenia sp.…”

“…These compounds have a wide range of properties such as antimicrobial 9 , immunostimulant and anti-oxidative activities 10 , 11 , and the ability to enhance intestinal absorption 12 , to improve growth 13 and even to reduce cumulative mortality 11 . The effectiveness of garlic ( Allium sativum ) extract as an immunostimulant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic agent has been demonstrated in several fish species 14 – 18 ; the inclusion of garlic extract in fish diets is effective against monogenean parasites 19 , 20 .…”

“…has been demonstrated in several fish species [14][15][16][17][18] ; the inclusion of garlic extract in fish diets is effective against monogenean parasites 19,20 .…”

Control of ectoparasitosis in carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced by Gyrodactylus elegans (Monogenea) with garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts

“…The sensitivity of the plants against the diverse disease agents varies by the characteristics of the plant, indicating the need for more specific research (Trasvino Moreno et al 2017;Hyun Kim et al 2018;Tavares-Dias 2018). Various treatment effects of garlic on some Monogeneans have been studied in various fish species (Fridman et al 2014;Schelkle et al 2017) however, the studies on onion effects in fish parasites are relatively scarce (Yildiz et al 2019). This study provides new information on the antiparasitic activity of onion against G. elegans (Monogenea).…”

The oil of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), as a potential protectant against Anisakis spp. Type II (L3) (Nematoda) infection in Wistar rats

“…The organosulfur compounds of GO modulate the antioxidant defense system because these compounds regulate the GSH-related antioxidant system, which is the main intracellular antioxidant molecule against oxidative damage (Wu et al, 2001). Previous reports also showed that the organosulfur compounds present in GO may be responsible for the hepatorenal amelioration via their antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities (Yavuzcan Yildiz et al, 2019).…”