Anti-Parkinson's disease activity of phenolic acids fromEucommia ulmoidesOliver leaf extracts and their autophagy activation mechanism

Abstract

EEuOL relieved PD-like symptoms possibly through activating autophagy and phenolic acid compounds may contribute to autophagy activation.

Overview of Beneficial Effects of (Poly)phenol Metabolites in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases on Model Organisms

“…Effects low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites in zebrafish models of NDDs. [154] dpf-days post-fertilization; hpf-hours post-fertilization; Wild-Type Line: AB; E3-Zebrafish embryonic medium; DA-Dopaminergic; 6-OHDA-6-hydroxydopamine; PD-Parkinson's disease; n.d-non-defined; TBA-RS-thiobarbituric acid-reactive species; DCFH-2 ,7dichlorofluorescein; ChAT-choline acetyltransferase; SOD-superoxide dismutase. 1 (Poly)phenol metabolites are named accordingly the recommendations recently published [32], however the name cited in the original publications where the effect is described is indicated in brackets.…”

“…Also (poly)phenol—rich extracts from herbs, fruits and vegetables can be very informative on the mechanism of action of their constituents, although such results need to be interpreted with caution. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, a traditional herb used to treat various diseases, is composed of 28 identified compounds including 3 phenolic acids, 7 flavonoids, and 9 iridoids [ 154 ]. Extracts of its leaves significantly reversed the loss of dopaminergic neurons and neural vasculature, as well as lowered the number of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish brain.…”

Antioxidative Activity of 1,3,5-Triazine Analogues Incorporating Aminobenzene Sulfonamide, Aminoalcohol/Phenol, Piperazine, Chalcone, or Stilbene Motifs

“…Antioxidants possess great potential as drugs suitable for the treatment of various diseases related to oxidative stress. In particular, the use of compounds containing phenol structural moiety in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease [32][33][34][35][36], Parkinson´s disease [37][38][39], Huntington´s disease [40,41], and cancer [42][43][44][45] have been extensively studied in the last two years. Their structural diversity provides many possibilities for the design and synthesis of new, highly effective agents.…”

Advances of Zebrafish in Neurodegenerative Disease: From Models to Drug Discovery

“…In addition, numerous compounds extracted from natural products have been screened out and verified to be effective in ameliorating PD pathology using zebrafish models (Abidar et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2020;Duan et al, 2020;Xiong et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2020;Kesh et al, 2021a;Kesh et al, 2021b;Kozioł et al, 2021;Santo et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021). Although the effective composition of some extracts is still to be determined, fewer side effects of natural derivates compared with synthesized molecules due to their compatibility with humans should be noted.…”

“…Although the effective composition of some extracts is still to be determined, fewer side effects of natural derivates compared with synthesized molecules due to their compatibility with humans should be noted. Certain natural products are promising in disease treatment as they also have an effect on autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, or oxidative stress pathways (Zhang et al, 2020;Kesh et al, 2021b;Santo et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021). Recently, Vaz et al tested 1600 FDAapproved bioactive drugs in the 6-OHDA-induced zebrafish model and highlighted novel molecules with antiparkinsonian potential (Vaz et al, 2020).…”